【观点】牧原股份董事长秦英林：在深层创新中跨越“周期”

持续三年的“猪周期”低谷期让诸多养猪企业陷入焦灼和恐慌，秦英林却坦然面对，奋力向内求——“养猪人体面有尊严，要靠自己”。

发展30余年，从22头猪起步，到闯出河南，成长为全球前列的生猪养殖企业，牧原股份董事长秦英林说，牧原是创新的受益者，更是实践者，“要坚持长期主义，从技术元点发力，从底层做起。”

一、敬畏周期，向内求发展

“‘猪周期’把行业都压得抬不起头来。”面对“历史上最艰难、最漫长”的猪周期，秦英林感慨道。

按照历史规律，“猪周期”每四年循环一次，然而这次，2023年的生猪价格远低于行业平均成本线，国内绝大多数养殖户和养猪企业遭受到前所未有的打击，一些大型猪企资金链岌岌可危，资产负债率持续攀升，不得不进行重组以求自保。

自1992年就投身养猪事业的畜牧老将秦英林，深谙行业不易。

他对行业的分析客观理性——“要用全周期思维看待问题”，“从经济发展的角度来看，2023年的亏损属于正常，符合经济规律。在充分竞争市场，如果某一年行业利润非常高，一定会在下一个阶段，吸引更多资本进来，导致产能过剩，价格降低，行业亏损，低谷就来了。” CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

在秦英林看来，行业2023年的低谷在2020年就应该看到，才符合经济发展的规律，符合企业发展的思考。如果只被高利润冲昏头脑而不能警惕随之而来的风险和挑战，投资就有短视效应，这是不理智的。“我们要汲取经验，否则付出的代价是昂贵的。”早在2019年，秦英林就预测2022年或为行业低谷，牧原也做足了准备。

“每一次当利润高的时候，我都担心下一个低谷跌到什么样，摔得鼻青脸肿我愿意，如果摔伤摔死那就摔坏了。这轮周期就像是过山车一样，真正到底的时候是不怕的，但下冲过程是害怕的。”秦英林对“猪周期”充满敬畏，也对行业未来充满希望。

“行业是持续存在的，周期也是存在的，任何周期波动都有高有低，高时有高时的挑战，低时有低时的挑战，挑战是持续存在的，但最终行业进步是必然的。”秦英林表示，对于企业来说，能够应对挑战，跨越低谷，才是彰显企业内在力量的时刻。“从发展的角度看，我们还能看到生猪养殖行业很多机会。”

秦英林认为，“猪周期”谁也回避不了，我们能做的就是坦然面对周期，奋力向内求。“外部环境是一样的，内因是根本。突破‘猪周期’，要靠自己；养猪人体面有尊严，要靠自己。只有向内求，向己求，向下扎根，才能驾驭不确定，向确定性进发。” CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

二、从技术元点发力，坚持长期主义

生猪产业的发展靠什么？面对行业发展的不确定性，“靠技术、靠创新、靠智能化”，这是秦英林眼中的确定性之一。

在他看来，纯粹依赖资本驱动并不具备可持续性，“只依赖资本驱动，我们和任何行业过剩一样，最后都是抬不起头来。在利益和诱惑面前，我们坚决斩断跨界的手，斩断伸出去的手。”秦英林说。

秦英林特别提到技术突破对行业的改变，比如合成生物。

饲料作为养猪业的上游，占据成本的主要部分，而豆粕作为基本原料，使用量巨大。当前，我国目前大豆主要依靠国外进口，每年上亿吨进口大豆，养猪业消耗近4成。养猪技术相对落后，导致我国豆粕消耗量远高于欧美国家。这不仅增加了养猪成本，也造成巨大的浪费。因此，提升养猪技术，降低豆粕使用量，已成为中国养猪业亟待解决的问题。

“西湖大学把这个技术突破了，我们就快速落地到产业中来。”据秦英林介绍，牧原与西湖大学于2021年携手创建联合研究院，专注于合成生物学的尖端技术研究。其研究项目致力于利用生物发酵技术生产氨基酸，以此作为大豆的替代品。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

“我们通过生产小品种氨基酸，让其价格降下来，能够支撑生产应用，降低成本，让猪肉做到物美价廉。”秦英林感慨道，“生产过程中的难题，没想到是在合成生物方面。在无人区前行的代价是昂贵的，但我们坚定信心把产学研做好。”

“3万吨异亮氨酸的生产，将来能带动上百万吨的其他氨基酸的应用，最少能减少2000万吨大豆的消耗，降低养猪对大豆的依赖，同时也解放了土地，对国家的粮食安全作出大贡献。”秦英林说。

“新质生产力”成为今年讨论的热词，秦英林认为，对于企业而言，新质生产力体现在创新上，表现在工艺的改善、技术的提高，最后达成生产效率的提升，实现成本更低、产出更高、价值更多、盈利能力更强。“未来企业的发展，一定是在创新层面上求生存。如果没有创新支撑发展，企业就成了落后群体，就成了退出者，成了资产的沉默群体。”

“发展新质生产力要从技术元点发力，从底层做起。要坚持长期主义，今年干、明年干、后年干，今年、明年、后年不一定能看到价值、看到回报，但是，我们仍然要坚持做深层次创新研发。”秦英林说，企业发展新质生产力要求企业领导精力、企业财力、人力分布三方面都要在技术研发创新上。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

三、自立自强，端稳“肉盘子”

今年全国两会，秦英林关于生猪产业高质量发展提出五个方面的建议。一是坚定不移加大科技创新，从技术元点寻求突破；二是坚定不移推进疫病净化，提高养猪生产效率，生产高品质猪肉；三是支持、推进合成生物技术研发和产业发展，增强粮食安全保障；四是坚持绿色发展，打造高标准农田建设新模式；五是建立产学研用一体化创新机制，将科技创新成果转化为实际生产力，形成合力推动产业高质量发展。

其中，秦英林最为关注的就是技术创新。“坚持长期主义，向下扎根，从技术元点出发，寻求突破，依靠创新驱动，提升养猪技术水平，助推养猪行业高质量发展。”

牧原30年余发展，一直坚持技术创新，打造种、料、康、养等20项尖端技术。2022年，秦英林提出从技术元点发力，从饲料、种猪、健康管理、养猪各个环节死磕技术，发现每头猪还有600元成本空间。“依靠技术创新，让牧原成长为全球最大的生猪养殖企业，也是技术创新让公司看到了行业未来的发展空间。”秦英林表示。

作为一名饱含家国情怀的企业家，秦英林坚持将创新成果书写在祖国大地上。一方面，牧原依托生猪养殖产业，发展循环经济模式，助力农民降本增效。2023年，牧原共计服务农田452万亩，开展农技服务9759次，培训农民29.83万人次，化肥减量14.68万吨，助农减投增收352.27元/亩，合计增收14.82亿元。近6年累计助农减投增收44.72亿元。另一方面，秦英林认为，保障粮食供给是乡村振兴的首要任务，关键举措在高标准农田建设。他鼓励大学生积极参与农田科学管护、推动高标准农田建设。牧原在河南省内乡县规划建设6.7万亩，每10000亩配置5名大学生进行科学管理，人工能效提升95%，实现增产340斤/亩，农户亩均收入从910元增加到1100元，农业公司实现利润200元/亩以上，破解管护难题，实现多方共赢。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

“养猪产业高质量发展对于民生保障，端稳‘肉盘子’具有重要意义。从民生角度来说，把养猪成绩升上来，成本降下去，让猪肉实现物美价廉，现在是当务之急，意义非常大。我们把猪养好，减少因为技术不过关而造成的生猪存活损失，就是为国家节省粮食，节省资源，对大食物观背景下的粮食安全意义更大。”秦英林说。

“今年的政府工作报告简短务实，振奋提气。特别提到坚定不移深化改革，增强发展内生动力。激发各类经营主体活力。国有企业、民营企业、外资企业都是现代化建设的重要力量。要不断完善落实‘两个毫不动摇’的体制机制，为各类所有制企业创造公平竞争、竞相发展的良好环境。完善中国特色现代企业制度，打造更多世界一流企业……听到这里，我觉得是在给我们鼓劲。”回想起全国两会上的深刻感受，秦英林感慨万千：“作为民营企业，我们的发展要自立自强，要坚定不移做技术创新，坚持长期主义，要从技术元点发力，从底层做起，实现工艺的改善、技术的提高，最后达成生产效率的提升，实现成本更低、产出更高、价值更大。”

翻译：

Qin Yinglin, Chairman of Muyuan Shares: Crossing the “cycle” in deep innovation

The trough period of the “pig cycle” lasting three years has caused many pig enterprises to fall into anxiety and panic, but Qin Yinglin has calmly faced it and struggled to seek within – “Pig farmers have dignity and rely on themselves.”

More than 30 years of development, starting from 22 pigs, to break out of Henan, and grow into the world’s leading pig breeding enterprises, Qin Yinglin, chairman of Muyuan Shares, said that Muyuan is the beneficiary of innovation, but also practitioners, “to adhere to long-term ism, from the technical point of force, from the bottom.”

First, the awe cycle, inward development

“The ‘pig cycle’ is weighing the industry down.” Facing the “toughest and longest” pig cycle in history, Qin Yinglin lamented.

According to the law of history, the “pig cycle” cycles every four years, however, this time, the price of pigs in 2023 is far lower than the average cost line of the industry, the vast majority of domestic farmers and pig enterprises have suffered an unprecedented blow, some large pig enterprises capital chain is in danger, the asset-liability ratio continues to rise, and they have to restructure in order to protect themselves. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

Qin Yinglin, an animal husbandry veteran who has been involved in pig farming since 1992, knows the industry is not easy.

His analysis of the industry is objective and rational – “to use full-cycle thinking to look at the problem”, “from the perspective of economic development, the loss in 2023 is normal and in line with economic laws.” In a fully competitive market, if the profits of the industry are very high in one year, it will certainly attract more capital in the next stage, resulting in overcapacity, lower prices, industry losses, and the trough will come.”

In Qin Yinglin’s view, the trough of the industry in 2023 should be seen in 2020, which is in line with the law of economic development and the thinking of enterprise development. If you are carried away by high profits without being alert to the accompanying risks and challenges, investment will have a short-sighted effect, which is irrational. “We need to learn from experience, or the price we pay will be high.” As early as 2019, Qin Yinglin predicted that 2022 would be a trough for the industry, and Muyuan also made full preparations. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

“Every time when the profits are high, I worry about the next low fall to what, I am willing to fall black and blue, if the fall falls to death that is broken.” This cycle is like a roller coaster, you are not afraid when you really get to the end, but you are afraid when you go down.” Qin Yinglin is full of awe for the “pig cycle” and full of hope for the future of the industry.

“The industry is continuous, the cycle is also there, any cyclical fluctuations have high and low, high and high challenges, low and low challenges, the challenge is continuous, but the final industry progress is inevitable.” Qin Yinglin said that for enterprises, being able to cope with challenges and overcome the trough is the moment to highlight the internal strength of the enterprise. “From a development point of view, we can also see a lot of opportunities in the pig farming industry.”

Qin Yinglin believes that no one can avoid the “pig cycle”, what we can do is to calmly face the cycle and strive to seek. “The external environment is the same, the internal cause is fundamental. To break through the “pig cycle”, we must rely on our own; Pig farmers are decent and dignified. They depend on themselves. Only by looking inward, looking inward, and rooting downward can we master uncertainty and move toward certainty.” CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

Second, from the technical point of force, adhere to the long-term doctrine

What does the development of the pig industry depend on? In the face of uncertainty in the development of the industry, “rely on technology, rely on innovation, rely on intelligence”, which is one of the certainties in Qin Yinglin’s eyes.

In his view, pure reliance on capital driven is not sustainable, “only rely on capital driven, we and any industry surplus, finally can not lift up the head.” In the face of interests and temptations, we resolutely cut off the hand that crosses the boundary and cut off the hand that is extended.” Qin Yinglin said. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

Qin singled out technological breakthroughs that have changed the industry, such as synthetic biology.

Feed, as the upstream of the pig industry, accounts for the main part of the cost, and soybean meal, as a basic raw material, is used greatly. At present, China’s soybeans mainly rely on foreign imports, hundreds of millions of tons of imported soybeans every year, and the pig industry consumes nearly 40%. Pig raising technology is relatively backward, resulting in China’s soybean meal consumption is much higher than that of European and American countries. This not only increases the cost of raising pigs, but also creates huge waste. Therefore, improving pig raising technology and reducing the use of soybean meal has become an urgent problem for China’s pig raising industry.

“When Westlake University breaks through this technology, we will quickly land in the industry.” According to Qin Yinglin, Makihara and Westlake University jointly established a joint research institute in 2021 to focus on cutting-edge technology research in synthetic biology. Its research projects focus on the use of biological fermentation technology to produce amino acids as an alternative to soybeans.

“By producing small varieties of amino acids, we can bring their prices down, support production applications, reduce costs, and make pork affordable.” Qin Yinglin said with emotion, “The difficult problem in the production process, I did not expect it to be in synthetic biology. The price of moving forward in no man’s land is expensive, but we firmly believe in doing a good job of production, education and research.” CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

“The production of 30,000 tons of isoleucine can drive the application of millions of tons of other amino acids in the future, reduce the consumption of at least 20 million tons of soybeans, reduce the dependence of pigs on soybeans, and also liberate the land, making a great contribution to the country’s food security.” Qin Yinglin said.

“New quality productivity” has become a hot word in this year’s discussion, Qin Yinglin believes that for enterprises, new quality productivity is reflected in innovation, performance in the improvement of the process, the improvement of technology, and finally achieve the improvement of production efficiency, to achieve lower costs, higher output, more value, and stronger profitability. “The future development of enterprises must be to survive on the level of innovation.” If there is no innovation to support development, enterprises will become backward groups, they will become withdrawers, and they will become silent groups of assets.” CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

“The development of new quality productivity must start from the technical point and start from the bottom.” We must adhere to the long-term principle, this year, next year, the year after, this year, next year, the year after may not see the value, see the return, but we still have to do deep-seated innovation and research and development.” Qin Yinglin said that the development of new quality productivity requires enterprise leadership energy, enterprise financial resources, and manpower distribution to be in technology research and development and innovation.

Third, self-reliance, steady “meat plate”

This year’s National two sessions, Qin Yinglin put forward five aspects of the high-quality development of the pig industry. First, unswervingly increase scientific and technological innovation, and seek breakthroughs from technological elements; Second, unswervingly promote disease purification, improve pig production efficiency, and produce high-quality pork; Third, support and promote research and development of synthetic biotechnology and industrial development to enhance food security; Fourth, adhere to green development and create a new model of high-standard farmland construction; The fifth is to establish an integrated innovation mechanism for production, university, research and application, transform scientific and technological innovation achievements into actual productive forces, and form a joint force to promote high-quality industrial development. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

Among them, Qin Yinglin is most concerned about technological innovation. “Adhere to long-termism, take root downward, start from the technical point, seek breakthroughs, rely on innovation to drive, improve the technical level of pig farming, and promote the high-quality development of the pig industry.”

Makiyuan has been developing for more than 30 years, and has always adhered to technological innovation, creating 20 cutting-edge technologies such as seeds, materials, health and nutrition. In 2022, Qin Yinglin proposed to make efforts from the technical point, from the feed, breeding pigs, health management, and various aspects of pig production, and found that there is still 600 yuan of cost space for each pig. “Relying on technological innovation, Muyuan has grown into the world’s largest pig breeding enterprise, and it is also technological innovation that allows the company to see the future development space of the industry.” Qin Yinglin said.

As an entrepreneur full of family feelings, Qin Yinglin insists on writing innovative achievements on the land of the motherland. On the one hand, Muyuan relies on the pig breeding industry to develop a circular economy model and help farmers reduce costs and increase efficiency. In 2023, Muyuan will serve a total of 4.52 million mu of farmland, carry out agricultural technology services for 9,759 times, train 298,300 farmers, reduce fertilizer by 146,800 tons, help farmers reduce investment and increase income by 352.27 yuan per mu, with a total increase of 1.482 billion yuan. In the past six years, it has helped farmers reduce investment and increase their income by 4.472 billion yuan. On the other hand, Qin Yinglin believes that ensuring food supply is the primary task of rural revitalization, and the key measures are the construction of high-standard farmland. He encouraged college students to actively participate in the scientific management and protection of farmland and promote the construction of high-standard farmland. Muyuan plans to build 67,000 mu in Neixiang County, Henan Province, and allocates 5 college students for scientific management per 10,000 mu. The artificial energy efficiency increases by 95%, achieving an increase of 340 jin/mu, the average income of farmers per mu increases from 910 yuan to 1100 yuan, and the agricultural company achieves a profit of more than 200 yuan/mu, which solves the management and protection problems and achieves a win-win situation.

“The high-quality development of the pig industry is of great significance for the protection of people’s livelihood and the stability of the ‘meat plate’.” From the perspective of people’s livelihood, raising pig performance, reducing costs, and making pork affordable is now a top priority and of great significance. We raise pigs well and reduce the loss of pig survival caused by poor technology, which is to save food and resources for the country, and it has greater significance for food security in the context of the big food concept.” Qin Yinglin said. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

“This year’s government work report is brief, pragmatic and invigorating. In particular, he mentioned unswervingly deepening reform and enhancing the internal driving force for development. Stimulate the vitality of various business entities. State-owned enterprises, private enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises are all important forces in the modernization drive. We must constantly improve the implementation of the “two unwavering” systems and mechanisms, and create a good environment for fair competition and competitive development for enterprises of all types of ownership. We will improve the modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics and build more world-class enterprises. When I hear that, I think it’s encouraging for us.” Recalling the profound feelings of the national two sessions, Qin Yinglin is full of emotion: “As a private enterprise, our development should be self-reliant, unswervingly do technological innovation, adhere to long-term philosophy, from the technical point of force, start from the bottom, to achieve process improvement, technology improvement, and finally achieve the improvement of production efficiency, to achieve lower costs, higher output, greater value.”

由CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）转载而成，来源于中华工商时报；编辑/翻译：CXO UNIONCXO联盟小U。

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