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class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/cxounion.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/CXOUNION\u65b0\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Academician Mei Hong: Three points of understanding on the development of open source under the current hot topics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>After deeply thinking about the two hot topics of anti-globalization in the socio-economic field and Large Language Model (LLM) and generative AI (AIGC) in the field of information technology, the author has three understandings: First, the information technology ecology is necessarily the interweaving of open source and closed source, second, the globalization of software supply chain is irreversible, at least in the field of basic software, open source is irreversible, and third, the development of large models and generative AI may greatly improve the quality and efficiency of open source development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The ecology of information technology is necessarily the intersection of open source and closed source<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Open source and closed source are closely related to the entire information technology ecosystem. The development of open source has always been a process of pursuing win-win results, and the history of open source is a game process between software freedom of innovation and copyright income. Although open source is based on idealism, it gathers collective wisdom under the booming help of business and becomes a model of open innovation. <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\"> CXO UNION-CXO\u8054\u76df\uff08cxounion.cn\uff09<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>People think that software source code is open from the beginning, but it was later that the Linux model and other free software competition led to the emergence of &#8220;open source&#8221;. It can be said that there is no open source without business, from the development of software models supported by business models, to the exploration of multiple open source models, to the enterprise actively embracing open source and today&#8217;s open source globalization, open source has formed a diversified business model.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Open source must be inseparable from idealism, open source needs dedication. Early open source was all around the Microsoft &#8220;empire,&#8221; specifically the operating system ecosystem. In fact, in every monopolistic software field, there will inevitably be a group of idealists invested in the development of an open source version, such as the operating system Linux, browsers, office systems, industrial software, etc., so idealism is an important motivation to inspire open source. However, it is also reasonable for enterprises to pursue the maximization of commercial interests, otherwise there would be no need for enterprises to exist. But clearly, idealism and commercial interests need to be balanced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Open source has become the current hot spot, from Microsoft&#8217;s attitude to open source can be seen. At first, Microsoft was the biggest opponent of open source. In 2001, Microsoft CEO Ballmer said that open source was a cancer and a virus, but later he became an active embracer of open source, and even acquired GitHub in the open source community. What is puzzling is that in 2022, Microsoft launched ChatGPT under the name of OpenAI, although there is news that GPT3 is probably open source, but why does Microsoft not open it directly? This also just shows a truth, if you can enjoy the exclusive interests in this field, the vast majority of enterprises or individuals may choose a relatively closed-source attitude. Therefore, the information technology ecology is necessarily the intersection of open source and closed source.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Huddling for warmth&#8221; has always been an important driving force for open source development. When there is a monopoly, we hope that everyone can unite, and the open source community provides a platform for everyone to stay together, and everyone can maintain a common version in a common community, which may form certain advantages. In the case of generative AI open source, the advent of ChatGPT has brought about a flowering of large language models, of which GPT4&#8217;s advantages are currently the most obvious. So now, many followers have probably come to the moment of huddling to warm, but the basic situation of huddling to warm has not yet been clarified. From the current situation of open source and closed source of large models and the time line of the development of various large models, these models are still in the &#8220;Warring States era&#8221;, that is, everyone is in their own business. How to form a joint open source model for common maintenance, there are still many things worth discussing in technology, which is the problem of open source closed source interweaving. <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\"> CXO UNION-CXO\u8054\u76df\uff08cxounion.cn\uff09<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The globalization of software supply chain is irreversible in the field of open source basic software<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Although there is a trend of anti-globalization in the current social and economic field, the globalization of software supply is irreversible, at least in the field of basic software open source. In the context of economic globalization, the field of science and technology, especially open science, is still continuing. Open science involves open hardware, open software, open access, open data, open educational resources, etc., the so-called &#8220;HSADES&#8221;, in which scientific data openness has become a global consensus. In recent years, the world&#8217;s competition in the field of science and technology has become increasingly fierce, although some minority groups have called for a review of the full open policy of scientific data, but from the global situation, there is no sign of scientific data sharing channels closed, so open science is still a work in progress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the past 20 years, the development of cloud computing, big data, and AI have all benefited from open source. Take AI as an example, its rapid development is inseparable from the open source of code and open data, including open source frameworks, open source algorithms and open source data, which promote the rapid development of big data and AI. Open source software, specific to the ecological field of software has been globalized, and has formed a complex open source software ecological chain covering the world. From the supply chain of hardware resources to the supply chain of system technology to the supply network of upper applications, a very complex network has been formed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Open source has been scattered in every corner of life. In 2021, two reports both mentioned that 90% of industry leaders are using enterprise open source software. Synonsys, the world&#8217;s number one provider of EDA solutions for electronic design automation, mentions that 98 percent of its 1,500 code in 17 industries is open source code. Thus, open source is irreversible, even if the open source movement does not cover all areas, but in terms of the basic software field and the global ecology of programmers, open source is indeed irreversible. For example, Linux has become a system used by the vast majority of people in daily life, and R language has thousands of software packages and tens of thousands of complex dependencies, which is the complexity of information technology ecology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To take two more examples. One is the open source cloud computing management platform OpenStack14, which now has 817 code repositories, 2439 openers and 250 institutional models, 8 contribution models, 4 task selection models, 3 collaboration models, and then provides a series of support such as partial solutions and business integration, forming a hugely complex OpenStack ecosystem. The second is deep learning framework. Open source deep learning frameworks represented by TensorFlow and PyTorch support a large number of deep learning applications. <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\"> CXO UNION-CXO\u8054\u76df\uff08cxounion.cn\uff09<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the same time, the global open source ecosystem also brings a lot of uncertainty, especially in the field of security. The complexity of open supply chains has made the risks faced by open source supply chains a constant concern, such as the Apache Log4j vulnerability incident that caused a huge stir (editor&#8217;s note: Public since December 7, 2021, the Apache Log4j vulnerability is considered &#8220;one of the most important security threats of 2021,&#8221; and calling it a &#8220;nuclear bomb grade&#8221; vulnerability is not an exaggeration. The vulnerability has been widely used for ransomware, mining, botnets, and hacking groups using Log4j vulnerabilities to launch multiple attacks), and of course there are many more similar incidents. People are concerned about the security of open source software while using it in large numbers, so from the government to the community, from industry to academia are establishing security systems at all levels. In 2021, the United States issued a presidential executive order on improving national cybersecurity, which clearly requires the government to strengthen the security control of the supply chain. In 2022, Alibaba&#8217;s Wang Jian proposed that supply chain security experiments, especially the complex software supply chain problems brought about by opening up, have attracted widespread attention from the government, communities, enterprises and academia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In view of this, the national level needs to consider building open source ecosystems for the world, which will involve governments, markets, communities, enterprises, and individuals. Although the open source community has a common governance system, the global open source ecosystem requires a global system, which involves the global level, including laws and regulations, standards and technical tools in many countries. <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\"> CXO UNION-CXO\u8054\u76df\uff08cxounion.cn\uff09<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The development of large models and generative AI may significantly improve the quality and efficiency of open source development<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>In the past few years, relevant research teams in China have done some open source software development work around swarm intelligence, and proposed the concept of artificial swarm intelligence and a constructive model for building swarm intelligence. Swarm intelligence is a natural phenomenon that scientists have long paid attention to and studied, that is, each individual in the group may not have intelligence or intelligence is very limited, but the group composed of individuals will show intelligent behavior far beyond the ability of the individual, which is one of the paradoxical phenomena in the group of lower organisms. In the West, the group intelligence displayed at the group level of social organisms was initially called Smart, and later it was changed to Collective in order to distinguish it from the social level. The two words are essentially the same meaning, but for different groups. Taking the swarm intelligence of low organisms as an example, the aggregation of bacteria, the nesting of bees, the avoidance of fish, and the hunting of ant colonies are not tasks that can be completed by individuals alone. However, the effect of small individuals is very good, even beautiful, which is the phenomenon of group intelligence of lower organisms. Magnifying to human society, mediocre people working together can also produce the phenomenon of group intelligence, the allegorical &#8220;three heads are better than one head&#8221; reveals this meaning. Through an &#8220;invisible hand&#8221;, the market economy can effectively allocate large-scale resources, which can also be regarded as one of the typical phenomena of swarm intelligence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>How to understand biological swarm intelligence? Early on, a French scientist proposed the environmental excitation effect and used this concept to explain the mechanism of the formation of biological group intelligence. The word environmental stimulation comes from two Greek roots, one to stimulate and the other to work, to be stimulated to work. Based on the environmental stimulation effect, individuals will leave traces in their work, which are felt by other individuals, thus stimulating these individuals to leave new traces of work, and the gradually aggregated traces of work form swarm intelligence. The cyberspace that emerged after the emergence of the Internet has brought together human intelligence groups and provided the possibility for large-scale collaboration across time and space. With the continuous development of Internet technology, a large number of network applications appear, which enables a group of loose people on the Internet to complete a series of tasks that need to be completed by everyone through direct or indirect interaction. Wikipedia is a typical example. The crowdsourcing model in reality is also completed through large-scale user division of labor and cooperation. In addition, there is the use of group power to design RNA (ribonucleic acid) molecular structure by playing games, the use of group power to solve one-way choice problems, and so on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Can we apply swarm intelligence to more complex logical artifacts of knowledge such as software development? Obviously, open source software development is one of the best examples of human clustering intelligence. However, this swarm intelligence itself still belongs to the relatively primitive form, through the continuous collaboration of large-scale developer groups, it can maintain and develop a complex software system, which involves a variety of successful technical factors, such as the development of technically effective information management, top-down task decomposition and bottom-up personnel composition. The reason why it is a primitive form is that it has not reached the goal of completely distributed social software development that swarm intelligence discusses and pursues. At present, most successful open source software projects rely on a small elite group to complete the top-level architecture design, and carry out strict planning and setting of the version release, they focus more on the management and aggregation of the source code, and insufficient support for the design of requirements. <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\"> CXO UNION-CXO\u8054\u76df\uff08cxounion.cn\uff09<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The concept of environmental excitation provides an explanatory model for understanding the phenomenon of swarm intelligence, and the current research focuses on the constructive model of swarm intelligence. Swarm intelligence system consists of three key factors: first, information stimulation, that is, how to effectively motivate each individual to provide information fragments related to the problem; The second is information fusion, that is, how to effectively integrate the information provided by different individuals; The third is information feedback, that is, the integrated information is effectively fed back to each individual. Excitation, fusion, feedback, this process continues to cycle, iterating, is the IFE (Interactive Front-end Technology) construction model.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The formation of swarm intelligence systems by this model mainly occurs in two frames: one is physical space, that is, the real world, and the other is cyberspace, including the digital physical space. To further observe whether the feedback fusion of information is naturally occurring or whether there is artificial automation system involved, these two criteria are used to divide natural swarm intelligence phenomenon, semi-artificial swarm intelligence phenomenon or artificial swarm intelligence phenomenon. When we design with AI, we hope to solve the fusion feedback algorithm of intelligent information designed by humans. In physical space, there is purely natural swarm intelligence, such as swarms building nests. In cyberspace, too, there is little human intervention, but only the storage of raw information on the network and the dissemination of materials, such as open source, mainly through mailing lists, and crowdsourcing. Artificial swarm intelligence is the addition of human intervention, which has not yet been found in the physical world, but we think it may be found in cyberspace, and perhaps can be constructed. Cyberspace has the ability of efficient information fusion and efficient feedback of personalized information, which is an ideal form of swarm intelligence pursued in the industry. <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\"> CXO UNION-CXO\u8054\u76df\uff08cxounion.cn\uff09<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Artificial swarm intelligence, with the help of artificially designed intelligent model budgeting algorithm, realizes the effective integration and personalized feedback of massive information in the group, forms a positive feedback loop of information within the group, and then emerges at the group level to form an intelligence phenomenon beyond individual intelligence, which is the so-called swarm intelligence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So what can big models and generative AI bring? It may provide innovative solutions for the efficient integration and personalized feedback of massive information, which may greatly improve the quality and efficiency of open source software, and thus enhance the level of swarm intelligence of open source development. As a fusion device for mass information, big models rely on big models rather than people. AIGC for the software development field, combined with personalized ability to form personalized information feedback, and then back to the model becomes a large model vector energy ACI. Artificial swarm intelligence using large models as information melders will make this cycle run faster and converge faster. <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\"> CXO UNION-CXO\u8054\u76df\uff08cxounion.cn\uff09<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to better promote the development of open source<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>First, for the construction of open source ecology, we should vigorously promote the spirit of open source, grasp the open nature of openness, sharing, collaboration, and ecology, encourage dedication, respect the market, and actively explore open source business models. Second, actively promote the construction of a globally-oriented open source ecological governance system, and promote a global open source ecology from the perspective of a community of human destiny. Third, actively explore the application of LLM\/AIGC in open source software development, build an ACI system for open source software collaborative development, and effectively improve the development efficiency and quality under the premise of maintaining the diversity and continuous creativity of developers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now the industry is talking about a variety of problems faced by open source software, many experts say that the future of human civilization will run on software, and in the entire software system, there is no doubt that open source software is a very important part, especially at the more and more basic level, open source software constitutes the infrastructure of human society. Therefore, it is necessary for us to maintain the infrastructure of human society from the perspective of a community with a shared future for mankind, rather than going down the road of anti-globalization. In fact, the open source community governance system is quite mature, in this case, we are still exploring whether there is a new model, especially suitable for China&#8217;s open source development model.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-cyan-bluish-gray-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\">\u7531<a href=\"http:\/\/cxounion.cn\">CXO UNION-CXO\u8054\u76df\uff08cxounion.cn\uff09<\/a>\u8f6c\u8f7d\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u65b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5bfc\u520a\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u6885\u5b8f\uff1b\u7f16\u8f91\/\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1aCXO UNIONCXO\u8054\u76df\u5c0fU\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\">\u5982\u9700\u52a0\u5165<a href=\"http:\/\/weixin.qq.com\/r\/fxJxaVHE1AyrrRUK90dt\">CXO UNION\uff08CXO\u8054\u76df\uff09<\/a>\u9ad8\u7ba1\u793e\u7fa4\uff0c\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfb\u793e\u7fa4\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u54e6~<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/cxounion.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/CXOUNION\u65b0\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-cyan-bluish-gray-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\">\u514d\u8d23\u58f0\u660e: \u672c\u7f51\u7ad9(<a href=\"http:\/\/cxounion.cn\">http:\/\/www.cxounion.cn\/<\/a>)\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u539f\u521b\u3001\u5408\u4f5c\u5a92\u4f53\u4f9b\u7a3f\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6295\u7a3f\uff0c\u51e1\u5728\u672c\u7f51\u7ad9\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5747\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u672c\u7f51\u7ad9\u5c06\u5c3d\u529b\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u53ca\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6709\u5173\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u53ca\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u8bf7\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6838\u5b9e\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u81ea\u4e3b\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u672c\u7f51\u7ad9\u5bf9\u6709\u5173\u8d44\u6599\u6240\u5f15\u81f4\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u4e0d\u786e\u6216\u9057\u6f0f\uff0c\u6982\u4e0d\u8d1f\u4efb\u4f55\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-cyan-bluish-gray-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\">\u672c\u7f51\u7ad9\u520a\u8f7d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9(\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9650\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u56fe\u7247\u3001LOGO\u3001\u97f3\u9891\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7b49) \u7248\u6743\u5f52\u539f\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u6709\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5355\u4f4d\u6216\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u672c\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u5acc\u4fb5\u72af\u5176\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u6216\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u5b9e\u5185\u5bb9\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u53ca\u65f6\u901a\u77e5\u672c\u7ad9\uff0c\u4e88\u4ee5\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u56f4\u7ed5\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\u9006\u5168\u7403\u5316\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u9886\u57df\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff08LLM\uff09\u548c\u751f\u6210\u5f0fAI\uff08AIGC\uff09\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u70ed\u70b9\u8bdd\u9898\u6df1\u5165\u601d\u8003\u540e\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e09\u70b9\u8ba4\u8bc6<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12703,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[55],"class_list":["post-12700","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-viewpoint","tag-55"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/cxounion.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12700","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/cxounion.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/cxounion.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cxounion.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cxounion.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12700"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/cxounion.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12700\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12704,"href":"http:\/\/cxounion.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12700\/revisions\/12704"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cxounion.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12703"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/cxounion.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12700"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cxounion.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12700"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cxounion.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12700"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}