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&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9a6c\u65af\u514b\u57282018\u5e74\u5c31\u9000\u51fa\u4e86OpenAI\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u524d\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u6210\u5458Reid Hoffman\u4e8e\u4eca\u5e743\u6708\u9000\u51fa\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u8ba1\u5212\u6295\u8d44\u4e00\u5bb6\u4f7f\u7528OpenAI\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u62c5\u5fc3\u4f1a\u6709\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">CXO UNION CXO\u8054\u76df cxounion.cn<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/cxounion.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/CXOUNION\u65b0\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\">OpenAI board fires CEO, non-profit soul and careerist conflict<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Microsoft, which has invested $10 billion, does not have a seat on OpenAI&#8217;s board, and Microsoft management only learned of the announcement minutes before it was announced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On November 17, OpenAI, the hottest startup in the United States in the field of large models, released a statement that Sam Atlman will step down as CEO and leave the board of directors. Mira Murati, the company&#8217;s chief technology officer, will serve as interim CEO, effective immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sam Altman has been consistently untruthful in his communications with the board, hindering the board&#8217;s ability to carry out its duties. The board no longer has full confidence in his continued leadership of OpenAI. At the same time, Greg Brockman, the other founder and president, will step down as chairman of the board and continue in his role with the company, reporting to the CEO. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On November 18, Sam said on his social media account that he enjoyed his time at OpenAI and would announce his next arrangement later. Greg then retweeted the post and said that after learning of the news, he sent a message to OpenAI saying that he had decided to quit OpenAI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In other words, eight years after its founding, OpenAI has become the most watched technology company in the world for less than a year, and the two core founders have left at the same time. Both Sam expressed shock at the incident, and they were still trying to figure out what the cause was. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He mentioned that on Nov. 16, Sam received a text message from chief scientist Ilya Sutskever asking to talk at noon on Friday. Sam attended a Google online meeting where all the board members were present except Greg. Ilya tells Sam he&#8217;s going to be fired.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">CXO UNION CXO\u8054\u76df cxounion.cn<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On November 17, at 12:23 PM, Greg was informed that he was being removed from the board (but he was vital to the company and would retain his position) and Sam had been fired. Later, OpenAI announced the news. As of now, OpenAI has no more new explanations for this personnel change, including what specific &#8220;dishonest behavior&#8221; Sam has that the outside world is most concerned about. Sam has been the face of OpenAI, and last week at the developer conference, he hosted and announced a series of new OpenAI products and services. CXO UNION CXO Union cxounion.cn<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On Nov. 16, the day before he was fired, he also spoke on behalf of OpenAI at the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Conference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to several US media reports, on November 17, OpenAI interim CEO Mira said at the company&#8217;s plenary meeting that the current relationship between the company and Microsoft remains stable, and Microsoft&#8217;s CEO and CTO have expressed &#8220;great confidence&#8221; in the future of OpenAI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Who made the decision?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>According to US media reports, Microsoft&#8217;s leadership was only informed of the news a few minutes before it was announced. Previously, OpenAI&#8217;s board was made up of six members, and after Greg and Sam stepped down, It is now made up of Ilya Sutskever, chief scientist at OpenAI, Adam D&#8217;Angelo, CEO of Quora, technology entrepreneur Tasha McCauley, and Helen Toner of the Center for Security and Emerging Technologies in Georgetown. <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">CXO UNION CXO\u8054\u76df cxounion.cn<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Microsoft, which has invested $10 billion in OpenAI, does not have a seat on the company&#8217;s board. The majority of the board members are independent directors who do not own equity in OpenAI, including former CEO Sam. Sam&#8217;s earnings came from Y Combinator&#8217;s early, small investment in OpenAI. The Board&#8217;s primary responsibility is to advance OpenAI&#8217;s mission and uphold its charter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Founded in 2015, OpenAI is a non-profit organization with the core mission of ensuring that Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) can benefit all of humanity. OpenAI benefits humanity, not investors. Considering that the development of AGI requires a large amount of financial support, in 2019 OpenAI announced the adjustment to a &#8220;profit cap&#8221; model, and the board of directors is the overall governing body for all OpenAI activities. The specific model is to create a new for-profit subsidiary, which will be used to raise funds, but will be obligated to fulfill the mission of the non-profit organization, which is safety and benefit all mankind. <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">CXO UNION CXO\u8054\u76df cxounion.cn<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The for-profit subsidiary, which is fully controlled by OpenAI, will be allowed to make money but will be subject to profit caps, including limits on Microsoft&#8217;s investment returns. The composition of OpenAI&#8217;s board, which made the decision to oust core founder Sam Altman from the company, is somewhat unusual. Of the four current directors, only Ilya is an OpenAI employee, and he is an AI scientist who joined OpenAI as a scientist at Google. In the past, when he appeared in the public eye, he mostly discussed the technical details of OpenAI. He currently oversees artificial intelligence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Adam D&#8217;Angelo joined OpenAI&#8217;s Board of Directors in April 2018. At the time he had a point: Safe AGI work was both important and underappreciated. His view is that OpenAI shouldn&#8217;t become a tech giant because it won&#8217;t make the world a better place. Tasha McCauley, who joined OpenAI&#8217;s board earlier this year, has founded several startups. She currently serves on the advisory board of the UK-based International Centre for AI Governance, along with another director, Helen Toner. Helen Toner joined the OpenAI Board of Directors in September 2021 and is responsible for AI security issues. Gregg has said he &#8220;greatly values Helen&#8217;s deep thinking about the long-term risks and implications of AI.&#8221; Normally, a company&#8217;s board members have separate oversight responsibilities in different areas, but OpenAI is completely different, and the main responsibility of all four directors is AI security. As OpenAI&#8217;s highest governing body, the board of directors represents the soul and purpose of the company: non-profit and security, but under Sam&#8217;s leadership OpenAI has gradually strayed from this direction. <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">CXO UNION CXO\u8054\u76df cxounion.cn<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Non-profit, security and ambition<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Greg, who resigned along with Sam, was one of the founders of OpenAI. According to Greg&#8217;s article, Sam asked him about his future plans in 2015, and he said he wanted to do AI, but he didn&#8217;t know yet. Sam said he considered setting up an AI lab through the YC Incubator with the goal of &#8220;building safe human-level AI,&#8221; perhaps in partnership, and they quickly agreed that this would have to be done through a non-profit organization because there wouldn&#8217;t be any conflicts of interest that would interfere with that mission.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">CXO UNION CXO\u8054\u76df cxounion.cn<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But Sam&#8217;s Silicon Valley &#8220;people&#8221; are ambitious, YC founder Paul Graham (Paul Graham) once said that he &#8220;ambition beyond the boundaries of Silicon Valley can accommodate&#8221;, &#8220;if you throw him on some cannibal island, five years later he will be the king of the island.&#8221; In 2014, Sam, less than 30 years old, served as the CEO of YC business incubator, and led YC&#8217;s market value to close to 150 billion yuan in five years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2015, he co-founded OpenAI with Musk, Greg and others, and until 2019, he was an investor in OpenAI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2019, he stepped down as president of YC to become CEO of OpenAI. This year, OpenAI began to run on the road to commercialization, including the launch of a paid version of the product, customized enterprise edition and so on.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">CXO UNION CXO\u8054\u76df cxounion.cn<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In August, it was announced that OpenAI2023 will reach $1 billion in annual revenue and continue to grow by several billion dollars in 2024. In October, Sam told OpenAI employees that the company would reach $1.3 billion in revenue this year. In 2022, the company&#8217;s revenue is only $28 million. Under his leadership, OpenAI was recently valued at $90 billion. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In September 2022, during a conversation with Reid Hoffman (co-founder of Linkedin), he mentioned that the real challenges in AI today are wealth distribution, AGI access, and AGI governance. As AI technology evolves, AGI will become a commodity, and consideration needs to be given to giving everyone equal access to AGI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to commercialization, another level of possible conflict between Sam and the board is &#8220;security.&#8221; Under Sam&#8217;s leadership, OpenAI&#8217;s revenue has grown rapidly, with specific measures including C-side fees, customized B-side services, open GPT interfaces and application ecosystems, but these have made OpenAI face security criticism. This is a natural contradiction between AI security and commercialization. <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">CXO UNION CXO\u8054\u76df cxounion.cn<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On November 8, ChatGPT and the API interface experienced a &#8220;serious outage&#8221; event, with the entire outage lasting more than 12 hours. The main reasons were a large influx of users after the ChatGPT update was announced on Developer Day on November 7, as well as a total ChatGPT outage due to DDoS (distributed denial of service, often caused by network overload) and authentication failures. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sam later apologised on social media. Usage of the new feature has far exceeded expectations, he said, and the company had planned to enable GPT for all subscribers on Monday, but it still hasn&#8217;t happened. Service instability may occur in the short term due to load. The main concern surrounding OpenAI security comes from data issues, and many people are concerned about data leakage during conversations with ChatGPT.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">CXO UNION CXO\u8054\u76df cxounion.cn<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Earlier this year, the Italian Data Protection Authority (GPDP) accused OpenAI of violating the European Union&#8217;s data protection law, and the case is still pending. The most recent controversy over OpenAI&#8217;s security came on November 9, when Microsoft cited &#8220;security and data issues&#8221; in an update to its internal website, thus cutting off employees from using AI tools like ChatGPT. But a day later, on November 10, Microsoft restored it. A Microsoft spokesperson said that Microsoft was testing an endpoint control system, and there was an error, so it was quickly restored. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In May, Apple limited employees&#8217; use of ChatGPT and other external AI tools as it worked on the technology and was concerned about confidential data leakage. In the same month, Samsung Electronics issued an internal memo banning employees from using generative AI tools, including ChatGPT, BingChat, and Google Bart, because Samsung engineers had uploaded internal source code to ChatGPT in April.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In July, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) launched an investigation into whether OpenAI harmed people by publishing false information, and whether OpenAI engaged in &#8220;unfair or deceptive&#8221; privacy and data security practices. The agency is concerned that ChatGPT and other AI services are being fed large amounts of data without AI companies performing checks on data types. Sam later said that he would cooperate with the FTC and that he believed OpenAI&#8217;s technology was safe. Large models rely on a constant stream of new data to optimize, and commercialization requires large models to continue to advance in the field of expertise. As long as OpenAI is pursuing revenue growth, it will inevitably face data security challenges. Musk, who was an early investor and board member of OpenAI, has repeatedly said that he does not approve of the development of OpenAI, including Microsoft&#8217;s strong control over OpenAI (this claim has been denied by Microsoft), and OpenAI&#8217;s insufficient control over AI security.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In February of this year, he wrote on the X account, &#8220;OpenAI was originally created as an open source non-profit company to compete with Google, which is why I named it OpenAI. But now it&#8217;s a closed-source, for-profit company effectively controlled by Microsoft, which is the opposite of what I intended.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Musk stepped down from OpenAI&#8217;s board in 2018. 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