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style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">  CXO 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style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">  CXO UNION-CXO\u8054\u76df\uff08cxounion.cn\uff09<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/cxounion.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/CXOUNION\u65b0\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Academician Gao Wen: The needs and challenges of China&#8217;s computer power network<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Editor&#8217;s note<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>In what context was the concept of &#8220;China Computing Power Network&#8221; put forward? Why build &#8220;China Computing Power Network&#8221;?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Recently, at the 20th Beijing Forum, Gao Wen, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, member of the China Digital Economy 50 Forum, director of Pengcheng Laboratory, and director of the Department of Information and Engineering Science of Peking University, made a keynote report entitled &#8220;The Needs and Challenges of China&#8217;s Computer Power Network&#8221;. Academician Gao Wen proposed that he hopes to establish a &#8220;computing power network&#8221; like the construction of a power grid, and operate a &#8220;computing power network&#8221; like the operation of the Internet, so that users can use computing power as easily as electricity.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">  CXO UNION-CXO\u8054\u76df\uff08cxounion.cn\uff09<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gao Wen, Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, member of China Digital Economy 50 Forum, Director of Pengcheng Laboratory, Director of Information and Engineering Science Department of Peking University<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Gao Wen, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, China Digital Economy 50 Forum, Director of Pengcheng Laboratory, Director of the Department of Information and Engineering Science of Peking University, Professor of Liberal Arts of Peking University, Chairman of the New Generation of Artificial Intelligence Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance, Deputy director of the National Professional Standardization Technical Committee, leader of the Digital Audio and Video CodecS Technical Standard (AVS) Working group, IEEEFellow, ACMFellow. He is mainly engaged in the research of artificial intelligence application and multimedia technology, computer vision, pattern recognition and image processing, virtual reality. He has won the second prize of National Technological invention once, the second prize of National Scientific and Technological Progress five times, the second prize of National Natural Science once, and the title of &#8220;2005 Top Ten Educational Talents of China&#8221; and the Wang Selection Award of China Computer Society. Today I would like to introduce to you a project called &#8220;China Computing Power Network&#8221;. &#8220;China Computing Power Network&#8221; has three important parts, one is the computing power node, the second is the network connection, the third is the resource scheduling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Computing power should be a very important supporting element in the development of our entire era, whether it is the development of artificial intelligence or the Internet, it is inseparable from computing power. From the perspective of the development of the entire economy, computing power is positively correlated with GDP. Research shows that the larger the GDP, the higher the computing power index, and vice versa. At present, the world&#8217;s highest GDP is the United States, its computing power index is also the highest, China&#8217;s GDP is about 70% of the United States, the computing power index is just 30% lower than the United States, the third economic ranking of Japan&#8217;s computing power index is also the world&#8217;s third.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">  CXO UNION-CXO\u8054\u76df\uff08cxounion.cn\uff09<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In recent years, China&#8217;s economic development is very fast, and the speed of computing power development is also rising, we can clearly see that China&#8217;s computing power index has the fastest growth in all countries, with an average annual growth of about 13%. So, since computing power is so important, for the sake of future economic science and green development, we need to consider how to layout computing power in the future? Where is it placed? How to use it? Will future computing power be like electricity today, no matter where you put it, you can plug it in when you want to use it?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Our idea is that we want to build a network in China, &#8220;this network&#8221; can connect Chinese computing power, anyone, any enterprise, any university want to use computing power, you can plug the &#8220;interface&#8221; into a socket, the socket can send computing power to your desktop. In terms of the layout of the computing power, we hope that the computing power is calculated in the west, which needs to solve many problems, such as how to distribute the computing power, how to meet the requirements of the facility, how to make the bandwidth unrestricted, these are questions we must answer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To this end, we put forward the concept of &#8220;China Computing Power Network&#8221; &#8211; we hope to build a &#8220;computing power network&#8221; like the construction of a power grid, and operate a &#8220;computing power network&#8221; like the operation of the Internet, so that users can use computing power as easily as electricity. This is our development vision for this project. There are many challenges, including the supply of computing power, which is needed by universities and businesses in large cities. Recently, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the Action Plan for the high-quality development of computing Infrastructure, proposing quantitative indicators for development in 2025, by 2025, the scale of China&#8217;s computing power exceeds 300EFLOPS, and an E is 10 to the 18th power. There are three kinds of computing power here, which are divided into supercomputing power (supercomputer), intelligent computing power, and cloud computing power, and the combined scale of the three computing power exceeds 300EFLOPS, of which the AI-related computing power accounts for 1\/3, about 105EFLOPS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The second problem to consider is how to connect the computing power so that it has the shortest latency. Many cloud computing computing power center, cloud center and the distance between the user will not exceed 200 kilometers, otherwise it will lead to insufficient real-time response. If we want to implement the &#8220;east count west count&#8221; and place the computing power center in Chengdu, Chongqing and Qinghai, separated by more than two or three thousand kilometers, we need ultra-low latency and ultra-broadband links to ensure transmission efficiency. At present, computing power is being managed by different operators and different Internet vendors, and it is difficult to achieve unified scheduling. Therefore, it is urgent to build a new dispatching network, just like dispatching electricity through the grid, dispatching computing power to where it is needed.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">  CXO UNION-CXO\u8054\u76df\uff08cxounion.cn\uff09<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pengcheng Laboratory is leading the &#8220;China computing power network&#8221;, we mainly implement three relatively large work: first, the establishment of super computing power node, the concept of &#8220;super computing power&#8221; is about 1\/6 of the computing power needed in China.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The second is to build a network connection that is faster than what is currently available on the market, reaching almost 100T to P-level connectivity, that is, 10 to the power of 15, which is currently impossible to achieve with current technology, and we are developing the technology to sprint 100 times faster than any existing speed, or even faster, by using different optical fibers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Third, do a good job of computing power scheduling and establish a scheduling system for cloud native networks. We establish an intelligent supercomputing platform in Shenzhen, &#8220;Pengcheng Cloud brain II&#8221; intelligent computing platform has about 1000P computing power, and the next generation of Pengcheng cloud brain is currently being developed, which is expected to reach 16,000P computing power, which is exactly 1\/6 of the intelligent computing power needed in China in 2025. &#8220;Pengcheng Cloud Brain II&#8221; AI performance is the best supercomputer in the world, has ranked first in the global IO500 overall list for 6 consecutive times, and ranked first in AIPerf500 for 3 consecutive years. After this machine was made, we supported many domestic enterprises to do large model calculations, including Huawei, Baidu, etc., and many of their large models were trained on our machines. In addition to providing domestic partners, our lab has also trained a number of AI models, most of which are in cooperation with Peking University, Tsinghua University and other universities, including natural language models, computer vision models, biomedical models and so on.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">  CXO UNION-CXO\u8054\u76df\uff08cxounion.cn\uff09<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Recently, we have just completed the work of training the &#8220;Pengcheng \u00b7 Mind&#8221; large model, which has a scale of 200B and 200 billion parameters. Pengcheng Laboratory through the Open Source way to do &#8220;Pengcheng \u00b7 mind&#8221;, and finally will become the open source model, we may need to finish some of the above tools, will be open source for everyone to use.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">  CXO UNION-CXO\u8054\u76df\uff08cxounion.cn\uff09<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At present, the 200B AI large model running on Pengcheng Cloud Brain II takes several months to train once. In order to make it even more efficient, we are developing the next version of a machine with 16,000p of computing power, called the next generation of Pengcheng Cloud Brain, which will be 20 times more powerful than today&#8217;s machines. Originally it took 200 days to train a large AI model, now it can be trained in 10 days, and this machine will be a computing power node.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are a couple of other things we&#8217;re thinking about. Regarding the optical network, it is hoped that all the computing power nodes will be connected to the optical network used by the hub. In the design of optical networks, special consideration should be given to achieving a bandwidth of not less than 100T at a long distance. There are many scientific problems in the design of optical networks, both involving light and communication, including transmission, switching, control, optical fibers, etc., we set up multi-core optical fibers, a bundle of optical fibers can have several &#8220;cores&#8221;, at least 4, or 19, the technology used is SDM technology, which can make the speed of communication increased by 19 times. Since the cost of optical fiber increases very little, new technologies can be used to achieve long-distance, large-bandwidth communication connections, and we have completed 200T and 2000 kilometers of optical communication experiments. The network operator now provides optical fiber network, a single fiber 100G or 400G, a fiber above a wave, a line can use a lot of waves, now 4 fibers corresponding to the same type of equipment cost is greatly reduced, will make the entire transmission system more efficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>About scheduling, how to combine different computing power resources, so that users can get computing power directly when they need it, which needs to achieve cross-regional heterogeneous computing power. Various types of computing power itself with different chip systems, how to use across regions, there are difficult packaging problems, different types of computing power packaging methods are not the same, just like different power plants and sources are not the same, we need to try to standardize. It does not matter what the original computing power is, if you want to enter the network after re-packaging to join the network and finally let everyone see the same thing, the first step is to do a good job of heterogeneous computing power cross-domain scheduling work, which is still a great challenge; The second step is to do unified submission synchronously; The third step is to do cross-center heterogeneous; The fourth step is to integrate different sources of computing power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>All the concepts of &#8220;China Computing Power network&#8221; are different from the previous cloud computing, we introduced the cloud native network, and all the bottom layers use the same logic and a set of systems, the first step is to establish logical scheduling on the above, and to re-organize and replace the existing network. Now there are many cases, through the cloud native network can turn all the data into source data, through the source data scheduling, through the scheduling can choose the nearest source of computing power. The second step is to do the &#8220;number&#8221; with the &#8220;calculation&#8221;, the third step is to &#8220;calculation&#8221; with the &#8220;number&#8221;, and the computing power network should consider the existence of data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2019, we began to do the 0.1 version of &#8220;China Computing Power Network&#8221;, with the support of the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Science and Technology, it took less than 3 years to do the first phase of &#8220;China Computing Power Network&#8221;, integrating several computing power centers in different regions of the country, and opening up through scheduling to achieve the distribution and use of different computing power. The 1.0 version of &#8220;China Computing Power Network&#8221; can realize distributed and coordinated training.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">  CXO UNION-CXO\u8054\u76df\uff08cxounion.cn\uff09<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the next step, Pengcheng Laboratory will consider all aspects comprehensively in the process of promoting the construction of &#8220;China Computing Power Network&#8221;, and provide technical support and support for China&#8217;s green development, efficient economic development, intelligent development and digital development. We hope that &#8220;China Computing Power Network&#8221; can be done not only in China, but also look forward to more extensive international cooperation in the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-cyan-bluish-gray-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\">\u7531<a href=\"http:\/\/cxounion.cn\">CXO UNION-CXO\u8054\u76df\uff08cxounion.cn\uff09<\/a>\u8f6c\u8f7d\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u521b\u58f9\u667a\u5e93\uff1b\u7f16\u8f91\/\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1aCXO UNIONCXO\u8054\u76df\u5c0fU\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\">\u5982\u9700\u52a0\u5165<a href=\"http:\/\/weixin.qq.com\/r\/fxJxaVHE1AyrrRUK90dt\">CXO UNION\uff08CXO\u8054\u76df\uff09<\/a>\u9ad8\u7ba1\u793e\u7fa4\uff0c\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfb\u793e\u7fa4\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u54e6~<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/cxounion.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/CXOUNION\u65b0\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801.png\" 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