【观点】黄益平：大数据风控助力普惠金融

8月26日，2023国际金融报首届金融科技创新论坛在北京举行，北京大学国家发展研究院副院长、北大数字金融研究中心主任、50人论坛委员黄益平发表主旨演讲。

黄益平称，普惠金融比较难做，重要原因之一就是信用风险评估难度大。而数据是“新经济的石油”，以数据支持的信用风险评估，为改善小微企业的信贷服务提供了非常重要的途径。

一、央行数字货币全球开花可期

“当前数字金融发展到了一个非常重要的节点。”黄益平回顾道，2013年是中国互联网金融发展元年。经过十年发展，我国数字金融已经经过了比较大的发展，但也会看到业务发展是一个不平衡的过程，其中目前做得比较好的是移动支付。大科技信贷的效果也还不错，利用数字技术来支持信贷决策，一方面用平台获客，另一方面用数据支持信用风险评估。

黄益平认为，未来数字金融新的发展主要体现在以下几个方面：一是所有数字金融业务大多数基于消费互联网，将来供应链将发挥更大作用。二是过去很多最活跃的数字金融创新机构主要以科技公司为主，但已有一些转向，现在传统金融机构发挥越来越大的作用。三是可以看到新的业务形态发展，未来10年央行数字货币有望全球开花，希望中国能继续走在前面。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

二、数据支持信用风险评估

“数据被称为‘新经济的石油’。”黄益平近年来在思考，如何利用数据来支持系统风险决策。针对备受关注的中小微企业融资困难问题，他坦言，普惠金融较难做，直接原因在于传统金融机构要触达普惠金融的客户难度较大，更重要的是为其做信用风险评估难度更大。

黄益平进一步分析，传统金融机构在过去做系统风险评估主要有三种办法，一是靠财务数据，二是抵押资产，三是所谓关系型贷款。这些是非常有效的风控手段，但落实到普惠金融对象，即中小微企业、低收入家庭、农村经济主体，这三种办法存在可行性低、成本高的问题。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

“以数据支持的信用风险评估，为改善小微企业的信贷服务提供了非常重要的途径。”黄益平表示，数据在数字金融当中，已取得实实在在的效果，帮助识别信用风险，做信用风险评估。

“最突出的是，可以为很多过去不符合传统银行贷款标准的客户提供信贷服务。也就是说，用大数据风控方法可以为企业提供信用评估，来提供信贷。”黄益平继续表示，这其实是在原来信用基础上创新发明了一种数字信用，这些客户本来是有信用的，只是传统方法不能很好地把信用发现或者识别出来，所以造成信贷难的问题。

三、信息不对称问题亟待解决

备受探讨的是，如何计算数据要素资源，怎么样加入到资产负债表？黄益平表示，如果数据要素成为了资产负债表中的一个资产，成为新金融的一部分，这在未来将非常有前景。数据的主要作用是来帮助识别、折射机构或者个人已有的信用水平。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

对于如何有效利用数据要素，黄益平指出，根本在于能否把交易市场体系做起来。数据要素的交易需要解决一个很大的问题，就是信息不对称。数据交易双方能否了解供需双方的信息，如果没有信任，将来会出现很多问题。比如，在怎样的政策框架下，保证权限来支持交易，这对公司技术也提出很高的要求。因为我国对数据有很多限定条件，特别是关于隐私、商业机密、国家安全等。

翻译：

Huang Yiping: Big data risk control helps inclusive finance

On August 26, the first 2023 International Finance News Fintech Innovation Forum was held in Beijing, and Huang Yiping, deputy dean of the National School of Development of Peking University, director of the Peking University Digital Finance Research Center and member of the 50-member forum, delivered a keynote speech.

Huang Yiping said that inclusive finance is difficult to do, one of the important reasons is that credit risk assessment is difficult. Data is the “oil of the new economy”, and the credit risk assessment supported by data provides a very important way to improve the credit services of small and micro enterprises. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

First, the global flowering of central bank digital currency is expected

“Digital finance has reached a very important point.” Huang Yiping recalled that 2013 is the first year of the development of Internet finance in China. After ten years of development, China’s digital finance has gone through relatively great development, but it will also be seen that business development is an unbalanced process, which is currently doing better is mobile payment. The effect of big technology credit is also good, the use of digital technology to support credit decisions, on the one hand with the platform to obtain customers, on the other hand with data to support credit risk assessment.

Huang Yiping believes that the new development of digital finance in the future is mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, most of all digital financial businesses are based on the consumer Internet, and the supply chain will play a greater role in the future. Second, many of the most active digital financial innovation institutions in the past were dominated by technology companies, but there has been some shift, and now traditional financial institutions are playing an increasing role. Third, we can see the development of new business forms, and the central bank digital currency is expected to blossom globally in the next 10 years, hoping that China can continue to take the lead.

Second, data support credit risk assessment

“Data has been called the ‘oil of the new economy.’” In recent years, Huang Yiping has been thinking about how to use data to support systematic risk decisions. In response to the concern about the financing difficulties of small, medium-sized and micro enterprises, he admitted that inclusive finance is more difficult to do, the direct reason is that traditional financial institutions to reach inclusive finance customers is more difficult, and more importantly, it is more difficult to do credit risk assessment for them.

Huang Yiping further analysis, traditional financial institutions in the past to do systematic risk assessment there are three main ways, one is to rely on financial data, the second is mortgaged assets, the third is the so-called relationship loans. These are very effective means of risk control, but when it comes to the target of inclusive finance, namely, small and medium-sized enterprises, low-income families, and rural economic entities, these three methods have the problem of low feasibility and high cost. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

“Data-supported credit risk assessment provides a very important way to improve credit services for small and micro enterprises.” Huang Yiping said that data in digital finance has achieved real results, helping to identify credit risks and do credit risk assessment.

“The most prominent is that credit can be provided to many customers who did not meet traditional bank lending criteria in the past.” In other words, using big data risk control methods can provide enterprises with credit assessment to provide credit.” Huang Yiping continued to say that this is actually an innovative invention of a digital credit on the basis of the original credit, these customers were originally credit, but the traditional method can not be a good credit discovery or identification, so the problem of credit difficulties. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

Third, the problem of information asymmetry needs to be solved urgently

The question is, how do you count the data element resources, how do you add them to the balance sheet? Huang Yiping said that if the data element becomes an asset in the balance sheet and becomes part of the new finance, it will be very promising in the future. The main function of data is to help identify and reflect the existing credit level of an organization or an individual.

For how to effectively use data elements, Huang Yiping pointed out that the fundamental lies in whether the trading market system can be done. The transaction of data elements needs to solve a big problem, that is, information asymmetry. Whether the two sides of the data transaction can know the information of the supply and demand sides, if there is no trust, there will be many problems in the future. For example, under what kind of policy framework, the authority is guaranteed to support the transaction, which also puts high requirements on the company’s technology. Because China has many restrictions on data, especially regarding privacy, trade secrets, national security and so on.

由CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）转载而成，来源于国际金融报公众号；编辑/翻译：CXO UNIONCXO联盟小U。

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