【访谈】TCL创始人、董事长李东生：对中国制造业全球竞争优势充满信心

“‘新质生产力’战略概念将更清晰明确地指导科技创新实践，进一步推进制造业转型升级，为经济发展提供新动能。”全国人大代表，TCL创始人、董事长李东生两会期间接受中华工商时报记者专访时表示，未来TCL将聚焦智能终端、半导体显示、新能源光伏三大核心产业，持续推进转型升级，迈向产业链中高端，助力发展新质生产力。

一、“新质生产力”是一种能力组合

“新质生产力核心是推动高质量发展。”李东生认为，高质量发展首先要实现产业的转型升级。“中国制造业大部分起步低，经过四十多年发展，如今大部分消费品产业已经实现全球领先。但如果止步于此的话，中国经济竞争力可能会停留在一个比较低的水平。” CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

如何实现高质量发展？李东生表示，首先，实现产业转型升级，从产业中低端向中高端去拓展。中国现在成为全球最大的消费产品制造国家，过去十余年，我国在很多高科技制造产业领域都取得很大突破，比如高铁、航天、核电等。另外和TCL相关的半导体显示产业快速发展也支撑了中国电视机和其他显示终端产业的发展。中国生产的电视机占全球市场份额57%，中国生产的液晶显示屏占全球70%。“电视机产业和液晶显示产业发展路径，就是产业转型升级的典型案例。”

其次，以创新驱动发展。在互联网应用、人工智能领域，我国已经超越许多发达国家。“可以说，我国创新能力的提高，也是驱动高质量发展的重要因素。”

李东生表示，推进新型工业化尤为重要。近几年制造业转型升级也代表着工业化水平的提高。如TCL华星产线或者国内同行产线，以及集成电路工厂等高端制造工厂，可以做到完全的智能化、自动化。“像TCL华星的一个十多万平米的车间，就是一个无人工厂。我国很多行业、很多企业在过去十多年都建立起了新型工业化能力。”

李东生认为，再加上推进基础技术和材料研发，这些能力的组合，就是新质生产力。过去几十年，特别是近十几年，中国科技制造业就是在持续发展新质生产力。现在提出“新质生产力”，本质上是高质量发展各种要素的集成，用“新质生产力”表达可以更加清晰。从经济学来讲，生产力代表一种综合能力，新质生产力就是我们在推进高质量发展过程中的能力组合。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

二、中国高清显示产业需要突围

李东生告诉记者，我国过去若干年在高清显示方面投入了大量的资源，比如高清5G传输网络的基础建设处在全球领先；在高清显示产品、人工智能技术、显示产品技术方面，也取得了长足进步。十年前，国外品牌在中国电视机市场份额占比还比较高，而在当下，中国市场本土电视机的市场份额已经超过90%，可以说在电视机这个行业，中国品牌在国内市场是占绝对优势的。在海外市场，中国品牌电视机的份额也在不断地增加，譬如北美市场，中国品牌电视机的市场份额已经达到26%，前几年是21%，而且这个趋势还在上升。

“但从另外一个角度看，中国电视机市场在过去几年一直在萎缩，形成一个巨大的反差。”李东生说，五年前中国电视机销量为5000多万台，到2023年中国电视机的销量只有3700万台。同期的北美市场电视机的出货量从4200万台增加到4700万台。这个对比的反差，其实也说明中国高清显示产业的市场发展空间还是很大的。

“高清显示产业并不只是为消费者提供一个娱乐的平台，其实它是一个大产业。”李东生提出，推进中国高清显示高质量发展，无论是对中国经济发展，还是对中国文化市场都有积极意义。他觉得这个产业没有创造出相应的价值，做好这个产业也是推动中国经济高质量发展的重要着力点。

“希望各方更加重视这个事，想办法破局，来增加电视用户的开机率，增加电视内容吸引力，让更多的社会资本愿意投到高清显示产业，让其成为中国高质量发展的重要组成部分。”李东生说。

三、科技制造业融资环境亟待改善

据李东生介绍，近六年TCL研发投入累计超过600亿，累计专利数量已经达到10万件。未来围绕TCL的三大核心产业创新发展，将继续持续发力人工智能、AR/VR、下一代新型显示技术、新能源光伏等技术，以关键战略技术、材料技术和器件功率技术等为支撑，保证核心技术自主可控，同时加强数字化和智能制造能力建设。

TCL属于科技制造业，是高科技、重资产、长周期产业，资本投入很大，建设和投资回收周期比较长。李东生认为，这类项目建设和运营需要比较大的资本金，资本市场是融资的一个重要渠道，要更好地发挥资本市场作用，支持高科技、重资产、长周期的科技制造业的融资。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

“像半导体显示、集成电路芯片，一个项目投资都是几百亿。其资本结构一般是资本金要占到40%以上，另外是50%-60%的配套融资。如果资本金不到40%以上，很难在金融机构得到项目融资。”李东生说，所谓资本金就是企业的自有资金，主要是企业的盈利积累或资本市场上做股权性融资。“整个融资渠道如果受阻的话，对企业发展就会构成直接影响。”

另外，现在的融资环境变化影响新资本进入。李东生告诉记者，所谓融资，除了在公开资本市场融资之外，还有各种投资基金。由于整个资本市场规则的变化，增加了这些社会资本投资产业时的顾虑，近一年此类社会资本参与项目投资金额大幅下降。这些都需要国内资本市场增加融资方式和渠道来解决，并支持中国科技制造业的发展。

“作为企业负责人，今年我从制造业本身提出了建议，还需要顶层制度设计，完善整个资本市场的制度流程，让相关部门在解决的时候多一个考虑点。”李东生说。

四、“不出海就出局”，锚定深度全球化

“不出海就可能要出局。”有人说，2024年是中国企业出海的大年，在当前全球化大背景下，企业全球化已经是一个必答题。

李东生告诉记者，中国市场很大，全球市场更大。中国制造业在全球制造业的比重已经超过30%，这已经超出中国市场的消纳量。他进一步解释，原来我们更多是出口产品，以此实现工业优势凸显价值。但全球经济格局、全球投资贸易规则正在发生改变，呈现出要求出现更多区域产业链和本土产业链的特征。

“给一个国家或一个区域单纯卖产品越来越难。”李东生说，中国企业要通过更深度的全球化，把产业和供应链渗透到主要国家目标市场，建立起本土化的经营能力，才能够在全球业务当中为自己争取更多的份额。“TCL就是按照这个思路坚持做的，去年在海外的营收大概是1300亿，这也是多年累积的结果。而且，海外营收增长、海外产业链规模扩大也能够带动国内出口。” CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

大海航行波浪宽，全球市场尽掌握。李东生对记者表示，所谓全球领先战略，就是要在智能终端、半导体显示、新能源光伏三大核心产业做到全球领先。从企业来说，更多考虑如何面对当前经营大环境，持续推动业务的发展，更好地规划未来。从长远发展来看，对中国经济、对中国制造业在全球保持竞争优势充满信心。“TCL的相对优势在未来一定能够不断地巩固和加强，相信能够应对任何困难和挑战。”

翻译：

Li Dongsheng, founder and Chairman of TCL: Full of confidence in the global competitive advantage of China’s manufacturing industry

“The strategic concept of ‘new quality productivity’ will more clearly guide the practice of scientific and technological innovation, further promote the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry, and provide new momentum for economic development.” Li Dongsheng, a member of the National People’s Congress, founder and chairman of TCL, said in an interview with a reporter from the China Business Times during the two sessions that in the future TCL will focus on the three core industries of intelligent terminals, semiconductor displays and new energy photovoltaic, continue to promote transformation and upgrading, move toward the high-end of the industrial chain, and help develop new quality productivity. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

First, “new quality productivity” is a combination of capabilities

“The core of the new quality productivity is to promote high-quality development.” Li Dongsheng believes that high-quality development must first achieve industrial transformation and upgrading. “Most of China’s manufacturing industry started from a low level, and after more than 40 years of development, most of the consumer goods industry has now achieved global leadership. But if it stops there, China’s economic competitiveness may remain at a relatively low level.”

How to achieve high-quality development? Li Dongsheng said that, first of all, to achieve industrial transformation and upgrading, from the low-end industry to the high-end to expand. China is now the world’s largest consumer goods manufacturer, and in the past decade or so, China has made great breakthroughs in many high-tech manufacturing industries, such as high-speed rail, aerospace, nuclear power and so on. In addition, the rapid development of the semiconductor display industry related to TCL has also supported the development of Chinese TV sets and other display terminal industries. China produces 57 percent of the world’s televisions and 70 percent of the world’s LCD screens. “The development path of the TV industry and the LCD industry is a typical case of industrial transformation and upgrading.”

Second, we need to drive development through innovation. In the field of Internet application and artificial intelligence, China has surpassed many developed countries. “It can be said that the improvement of China’s innovation capability is also an important factor driving high-quality development.”

Li Dongsheng said it is particularly important to promote new industrialization. The transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry in recent years also represents the improvement of the level of industrialization. For example, TCL Huaxing production line or domestic peer production line, as well as high-end manufacturing factories such as integrated circuit factories, can achieve complete intelligence and automation. “Like TCL Huaxing, a workshop of more than 100,000 square meters is an unmanned factory.” Many industries and enterprises in China have built up new-type industrialization capabilities over the past decade.” CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

Li Dongsheng believes that, coupled with the promotion of basic technology and material research and development, the combination of these capabilities is new quality productivity. Over the past few decades, especially in the past decade, China’s science and technology manufacturing industry has been continuously developing new quality productivity. Now put forward “new quality productivity”, essentially is the integration of various elements of high-quality development, with “new quality productivity” expression can be more clear. From the perspective of economics, productivity represents a comprehensive ability, and new quality productivity is our ability combination in the process of promoting high-quality development.

Second, China’s high-definition display industry needs to break through

Li Dongsheng told reporters that in the past few years, China has invested a lot of resources in high-definition display, such as high-definition 5G transmission network infrastructure in the world’s leading; Great progress has also been made in high-definition display products, artificial intelligence technology, and display product technology. Ten years ago, foreign brands in China’s TV market share is still relatively high, but at present, the market share of local TV in the Chinese market has exceeded 90%, it can be said that in the TV industry, Chinese brands in the domestic market is an absolute advantage. In overseas markets, the share of Chinese brand TV is also increasing, such as the North American market, the market share of Chinese brand TV has reached 26%, a few years ago was 21%, and this trend is still rising. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

“But from another perspective, the Chinese TV market has been shrinking in the past few years, creating a big contrast.” Five years ago, more than 50 million TV sets were sold in China. By 2023, only 37 million TV sets will be sold in China, Mr. Li said. In the same period, TV shipments in the North American market increased from 42 million to 47 million. The contrast of this contrast, in fact, also shows that China’s high-definition display industry market development space is still very large.

“The HD display industry is not just a platform for entertainment for consumers, it’s a big business.” Li Dongsheng proposed that promoting the high-quality development of China’s high-definition display has positive significance both for China’s economic development and for China’s cultural market. He believes that this industry has not created the corresponding value, and doing a good job in this industry is also an important point to promote the high-quality development of China’s economy.

“We hope that all parties will pay more attention to this issue and find a way to break the situation to increase the opening probability of TV users, increase the attractiveness of TV content, and make more social capital willing to invest in the high-definition display industry, so that it becomes an important part of China’s high-quality development.” Li Dongsheng said.

Third, the financing environment of science and technology manufacturing industry needs to be improved

According to Li Dongsheng, in the past six years, TCL has invested more than 60 billion yuan in research and development, and the cumulative number of patents has reached 100,000. In the future, centering on the innovation and development of TCL’s three core industries, TCL will continue to make efforts in artificial intelligence, AR/VR, the next generation of new display technology, new energy photovoltaic and other technologies, supported by key strategic technologies, material technology and device power technology, to ensure the autonomy and control of core technologies, while strengthening the construction of digital and intelligent manufacturing capabilities.

TCL belongs to the science and technology manufacturing industry, which is a high-tech, asset-heavy and long-cycle industry with large capital investment and a relatively long construction and investment recovery cycle. Li Dongsheng believes that the construction and operation of such projects require relatively large capital, and the capital market is an important channel for financing. It is necessary to better play the role of the capital market to support the financing of high-tech, asset-heavy, long-cycle technology manufacturing industry. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

“Like semiconductor displays and integrated circuit chips, a project investment is tens of billions.” Its capital structure is generally more than 40% of the capital, and the other is 50%-60% of the supporting financing. If the capital is less than 40 percent, it is difficult to get project financing from financial institutions. Li Dongsheng said that the so-called capital is the enterprise’s own funds, mainly the profit accumulation of enterprises or equity financing in the capital market. “If the whole financing channel is blocked, it will have a direct impact on business development.”

In addition, the current financing environment changes affect the entry of new capital. Li Dongsheng told reporters that the so-called financing, in addition to financing in the open capital market, there are various investment funds. Due to the changes in the rules of the entire capital market, the concerns of these social capital investment industries have been increased, and the investment amount of such social capital participation projects has dropped significantly in the past year. These need the domestic capital market to increase financing methods and channels to solve, and support the development of China’s science and technology manufacturing industry.

“As the person in charge of the enterprise, this year I put forward suggestions from the manufacturing industry itself, but also need to design the top-level system, improve the system process of the entire capital market, so that the relevant departments in the solution of one more consideration point.” Li Dongsheng said. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

Fourth, “go to sea or be out”, anchoring deep globalization

“Go to sea or you may be out.” Some people say that 2024 is a big year for Chinese enterprises to go overseas, and in the current context of globalization, enterprise globalization has become a must answer.

Li Dongsheng told reporters that the Chinese market is very large, and the global market is even larger. The proportion of China’s manufacturing industry in the global manufacturing industry has exceeded 30%, which has exceeded the consumption of the Chinese market. He further explained that the original we are more export products, in order to achieve industrial advantages highlight the value. However, the global economic landscape and global investment and trade rules are changing, showing the characteristics of requiring the emergence of more regional and local industrial chains.

“It’s getting harder to just sell to a country or a region.” Li Dongsheng said that Chinese companies need to penetrate their industries and supply chains into key national target markets through deeper globalization, and establish local business capabilities, so that they can win more shares in global business for themselves. “TCL is in accordance with this idea, last year’s overseas revenue is about 130 billion, which is also the result of years of accumulation.” In addition, the growth of overseas revenue and the expansion of overseas industrial chain can also drive domestic exports.”

The sea is wide and the global market is in control. Li Dongsheng told reporters that the so-called global leading strategy is to lead the world in the three core industries of intelligent terminals, semiconductor displays and new energy photovoltaic. From the perspective of enterprises, more consider how to face the current operating environment, continue to promote the development of business, and better plan for the future. In the long run, we have full confidence in the Chinese economy and the Chinese manufacturing industry to maintain its competitive edge in the world. “TCL’s comparative advantages will continue to be consolidated and strengthened in the future, and we believe that we can cope with any difficulties and challenges.” CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

由CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）转载而成，来源于中华工商时报；编辑/翻译：CXO UNIONCXO联盟小U。

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