【观点】张军扩：如何突出优化民营企业政策环境？

近日，全国政协提案委员会副主任、国务院发展研究中心原副主任张军扩在《人民政协报》发表题为《稳预期强信心要进一步优化政策环境》的文章。

张军扩表示，目前一个比较突出的问题，是经营主体预期不稳、信心偏弱的现象依然存在，下一步还需更加突出优化民营企业政策环境这个重点持续用力。一是着力增强企业对政策环境稳定性的信心，政策的酝酿、颁布与实施要有一定的提前量，从而给相关企业的调整留下一个必要且合理的过渡期；二是切实贯彻落实“把非经济性政策纳入宏观政策取向一致性评估”的要求；三是把促进民营经济发展壮大的各项政策要求落到实处，一方面要抓紧出台细化、具体化的政策措施，使其具有可操作性、可检验性，另一方面要深入研究民营经济发展与社会主义初级阶段、中国式现代化的关系。

2023年我国经济呈现恢复回升态势，经济增速实现预期目标，结构优化呈现不少新亮点，高质量发展取得新成就。目前一个比较突出的问题，是经营主体预期不稳、信心偏弱的现象依然存在。根据国家统计局数据，反映企业预期和产业景气状况的制造业采购经理人指数PMI，去年12月仅为49%，比11月下降0.4个百分点，已经连续三个月处于荣枯线水平以下，其中新订单指数降至48.7%，比11月下降0.7个百分点，也是连续三个月处于荣枯线水平以下。另外，去年11月消费者信心指数为87，比10月下降0.9，消费者预期指数87.5，比10月下降0.5，这说明，消费者预期不稳、信心偏弱的问题也依然存在。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

对于促进经济进一步回升向好而言，稳预期提信心具有基础性和关键性作用。只有经营主体预期趋稳、信心增强，才能够充分调动起各方面的积极性，各项促消费、扩投资、调结构、控风险的政策，才能有比较好的发挥作用基础。因此，今年经济工作仍然需要继续抓住稳预期提信心这个“牛鼻子”。

现阶段导致经营主体预期不稳、信心偏弱的因素是十分复杂的，既有短期市场波动和需求不足制约的原因，更有中长期深层次的结构性体制性政策性原因，既有经济原因也有非经济原因，需要综合施策、标本兼治。党中央已经从多方面采取相应对策，下一步还需更加突出优化民营企业政策环境这个重点持续用力。

一、着力增强企业对政策环境稳定性的信心

稳定的政策环境会使企业家具有长远眼光，进行长期投入。如果企业家对政策没有信心，就不可能对长期发展抱有信心，也不可能进行长期投资。当然，这并不是否认政策调整的必要性。从推动经济高质量发展的要求出发，根据形势变化对政策进行适时适度调整是十分必要的。但相关政策的调整，无疑都会使相关企业的运营环境发生重大变化，并对企业盈利能力和市场竞争格局等产生较大影响。企业为了适应新的政策要求，往往不仅需要增加新的投资，而且需要一定时间。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

因此，政策的调整，需要在充分调研论证的基础上，做好新旧政策的衔接，处理好存量与增量的关系，政策的酝酿、颁布与实施要有一定的提前量，从而给相关企业的调整留下一个必要且合理的过渡期。如果由于特殊原因需要短期改变政策，那么就要考虑对那些合法合规经营、纯粹由于政策变化而造成损失的企业给予一定的补偿。这样做，也是符合法治政府和法治化营商环境建设要求的。

二、切实贯彻落实“把非经济性政策纳入宏观政策取向一致性评估”的要求

非经济政策对企业相关经营活动和财产安全的影响也不能忽视。中央经济工作会议提出要“把非经济性政策纳入宏观政策取向一致性评估”，但真正落实到位并不容易。

一是尽快明确“把非经济政策纳入一致性评估”的相关细则，包括涉及范围、内容、责任等，让相关单位、干部心中有数。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

二是明确相应的负责或牵头机构。

三是明确政策纳入评估的时机。不是等政策即将出台才需要评估，而是在政策酝酿阶段就需要评估。目前市场信心还较为脆弱，政策不成熟不宜轻易公开征求意见。

三、把促进民营经济发展壮大的各项政策要求落到实处

去年7月党中央、国务院专门发布了《关于促进民营经济发展壮大的意见》，并陆续出台了一系列促进民营企业发展的政策和举措，发挥了很好的作用。下一步要从两个方面持续用力。

一方面，把文件提出的各项要求真正落实，让企业真正见到实效。特别是要抓紧出台细化、具体化的政策措施，使其具有可操作性、可检验性。比如，如何切实解决拖欠民营企业账款问题，如何有效解决民营企业在参与招投标、获得贷款支持、参与科研项目等方面的不公平待遇问题，如何及时制止违反中央精神的针对民营经济和民营企业的不正确言论问题等等，都需要有可操作性的政策举措。

另一方面，就是要着力解决与民营经济发展相关的一些深层次问题，特别是要深入研究民营经济发展与社会主义初级阶段、中国式现代化的关系，进一步明确在国家现代化和中华民族伟大复兴大业中民营经济的地位和作用，进一步明确和夯实促进民营经济发展壮大的思想理论基础，建立和完善相关法律、法规，为保障民营经济长期健康发展提供更加坚实的理论和法治保障。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

翻译：

Zhang Junquan: How to optimize the policy environment of private enterprises?

Zhang Junquan, deputy director of the Committee for Handling Proposals of the CPPCC National Committee and former deputy director of the Development Research Center of The State Council, recently published an article in the People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) Daily entitled “Stabilizing expectations and strengthening Confidence to further optimize the policy environment”.

Zhang Junquan said that a more prominent problem at present is that the phenomenon of unstable business expectations and weak confidence still exists, and the next step needs to focus more on optimizing the policy environment of private enterprises. First, focus on enhancing the confidence of enterprises in the stability of the policy environment, and the brewing, promulgation and implementation of policies should have a certain amount of advance, so as to leave a necessary and reasonable transition period for the adjustment of relevant enterprises; The second is to implement the requirements of “integrating non-economic policies into the consistency assessment of macro-policy orientation”; The third is to implement the policy requirements for promoting the development and growth of the private economy. On the one hand, we must promptly introduce detailed and specific policy measures to make them operable and verifiable. On the other hand, we must deeply study the relationship between the development of the private economy and the primary stage of socialism and Chinese-style modernization.

In 2023, China’s economy showed a recovery trend, economic growth achieved the expected target, structural optimization showed many new highlights, and high-quality development made new achievements. At present, a more prominent problem is that the phenomenon of unstable expectations and weak confidence of business entities still exists. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, the manufacturing purchasing managers’ index, which reflects business expectations and industrial prosperity, was only 49% in December last year, down 0.4 percentage points from November, and has been below the level of growth and contraction for three consecutive months, including the new orders index fell to 48.7%, down 0.7 percentage points from November. It has also been below the level of expansion and contraction for three consecutive months. In addition, the consumer confidence index in November last year was 87, down 0.9 from October, and the consumer expectation index was 87.5, down 0.5 from October, indicating that the consumer’s expectations are unstable and confidence is still weak.

In promoting further economic recovery, stabilizing expectations and boosting confidence plays a fundamental and key role. Only when the expectations of business entities are stabilized and their confidence is enhanced can we fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all sectors, and the policies to promote consumption, expand investment, adjust the structure and control risks can have a good basis for their functioning. Therefore, this year’s economic work still needs to continue to grasp the “bull nose” of stabilizing expectations and boosting confidence.

At this stage, the factors that lead to the unstable expectations of business entities and weak confidence are very complex, including short-term market fluctuations and insufficient demand constraints, but also medium – and long-term deep-seated structural institutional policy reasons, both economic and non-economic reasons, need to take comprehensive measures to address both symptoms and root causes. The Party Central Committee has taken corresponding countermeasures from many aspects, and the next step needs to pay more attention to optimizing the policy environment of private enterprises.

First, we will strengthen the confidence of enterprises in the stability of the policy environment

A stable policy environment will enable entrepreneurs to take a long-term view and make long-term investments. If entrepreneurs do not have confidence in policies, they cannot have confidence in long-term development or make long-term investments. Of course, this is not to deny the need for policy adjustment. From the requirements of promoting high-quality economic development, it is very necessary to make timely and appropriate adjustments to policies in accordance with the changing situation. However, the adjustment of relevant policies will undoubtedly cause significant changes in the operating environment of relevant enterprises, and have a greater impact on corporate profitability and market competition pattern. In order to adapt to the new policy requirements, enterprises often need not only to increase new investment, but also need a certain amount of time.

Therefore, the adjustment of policies needs to be based on full research and demonstration, do a good job of connecting old and new policies, deal with the relationship between stock and increment, and have a certain amount of advance in the brewing, promulgation and implementation of policies, so as to leave a necessary and reasonable transition period for the adjustment of relevant enterprises. If short-term policy changes are necessary for special reasons, then it is necessary to consider some compensation for those enterprises that operate legally and comply with the law and cause losses purely due to policy changes. This is also in line with the requirements of a rule-of-law government and a law-based business environment. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

Second, effectively implement the requirements of “incorporating non-economic policies into the assessment of the consistency of macro policy orientation”

The impact of non-economic policies on the relevant business activities and property security of enterprises can not be ignored. The Central Economic Work Conference proposed to “incorporate non-economic policies into the assessment of the consistency of macro policy orientation”, but it is not easy to really implement them.

First, clarify the relevant rules of “incorporating non-economic policies into consistency assessment” as soon as possible, including the scope, content, responsibilities, etc., so that relevant units and cadres have a clear idea. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

The second is to clarify the corresponding responsible or lead agency.

The third is to clarify the timing of policy inclusion in the assessment. It does not need to be evaluated until the policy is about to be introduced, but it needs to be evaluated at the gestation stage of the policy. At present, market confidence is still relatively fragile, and the policy is not mature enough to easily solicit public opinions.

Third, implement the policy requirements for promoting the development and growth of the private economy

In July last year, the Party Central Committee and The State Council issued the Opinions on Promoting the Development and Growth of the Private Economy, and successively introduced a series of policies and measures to promote the development of private enterprises, which played a very good role. The next step is to keep pushing in two ways.

On the one hand, the documents put forward the requirements of the real implementation, so that enterprises really see the effect. In particular, we must promptly introduce detailed and specific policies and measures to make them operable and verifiable. For example, how to effectively solve the problem of unpaid accounts of private enterprises, how to effectively solve the problem of unfair treatment of private enterprises in participating in bidding, obtaining loan support, participating in scientific research projects, and how to timely stop the problem of incorrect remarks against the private economy and private enterprises that violate the spirit of the central government, etc., all need to have operational policy measures. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

On the other hand, it is necessary to focus on solving some deep-seated problems related to the development of the private economy, in particular, to in-depth study the relationship between the development of the private economy and the primary stage of socialism and Chinese-style modernization, and further clarify the status and role of the private economy in the modernization of the country and the great cause of the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Further clarify and consolidate the ideological and theoretical basis for promoting the development and growth of the private economy, establish and improve relevant laws and regulations, and provide a more solid theoretical and legal guarantee for guaranteeing the long-term and healthy development of the private economy.

由CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）转载而成，来源于中国财富管理50人论坛；编辑/翻译：CXO UNIONCXO联盟小U。

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