【观点】吴文峻：关于智能制造的三个观点

“互联网++”造就了万物互联网的时代，形成了个体和群体的关联，形成了人机物融合群体智能新形态，因而应当提炼其中的群体性、共识性、涌现性和演化性等特性，并基于群体智能这一视角研究各种复杂的社会―技术生态系统，包括人―机―物三元空间的智能制造系统。因而，关于智能制造的三个重要观点如下：

第一、基于微服务的群智云是智能制造系统的软件架构，而群智系统的建模―仿真―优化范式指导智能制造系统的研发模式。群智系统通过构建基础设施层、微服务核心层、智能制造业务层，继而形成智能制造的微服务生态。其主要特征包括：自治微服务形成的功能网络，柔性集成软件代码和AI模型，实现制造过程的实时监测―运行优化―质量保障。以工业机器人智能云平台为例，采用云边端的混合云体系架构，在端侧集成网络接入、数据采集、协议转换和控制适配等基础性服务，在边侧实现数据预处理、异常检测与控制反馈等功能，在云上提供海量数据处理、关联挖掘、知识发现和应用服务等智能化服务，形成了各类智能设备、智能机器人、智能服务软件的有效适配和智能集成。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

第二、群智区块链促进基于工业互联网的可信价值互联。区块链的核心问题是三元平衡，即可扩展性、分布式、安全性之间要达到均衡，构建共识机制，建立人机信任，形成群体智能的安全交互。区块链是构建工业互联网的重要技术基础之一，基于区块链的工业互联网具有三个重要优势：1。基于区块链形成的人机物群智的分布式组织和可信方法，可使工业互联网形成设备―产品―管理―服务等环节的可信交互、协同与共享模型；2。基于区块链的智能合约的自动运作，以降低工业供应链交易的边际成本；3。基于区块链的可信智能化交易实现价值的动态链接、形成灵活弹性的供应模式，促使企业供需优化平衡。

第三、群智开源是推动国产工业软件发展的指导思想。在工业软件方面，中国在研发设计方面距离国外差距最为突出，国内工业软件缺乏通用核心技术，缺乏开放的技术生态、市场占用率偏低，而此时人工智能正在深入地赋能工业软件效用，并融入工业软件核心部件，因而，中国工业软件发展需抓住这一技术机遇，以群智软件工程为基础解决工业软件协作开发模式、开发环境以及智能工业系统的安全保障问题，开创中国工业软件产业发展的全新局面。

翻译：

Wu Wenjun: Three views on intelligent manufacturing

“Internet ++” has created the era of the Internet of everything, formed the association between individuals and groups, and formed a new form of man-machine and object integration of group intelligence. Therefore, it is necessary to refine the characteristics of group, consensus, emergence and evolution, and study various complex social and technological ecosystems based on the perspective of group intelligence. Intelligent manufacturing system including human-machine-object ternary space. Therefore, three important points about intelligent manufacturing are as follows:

First, Swarm intelligence Cloud based on microservices is the software architecture of intelligent manufacturing system, and the modeling – simulation – optimization paradigm of swarm intelligence system guides the research and development mode of intelligent manufacturing system.

Swarm intelligence system through the construction of infrastructure layer, microservice core layer, intelligent manufacturing business layer, and then the formation of intelligent manufacturing microservice ecology. Its main features include: functional network formed by autonomous microservices, flexible integrated software code and AI model to realize real-time monitoring – operation optimization – quality assurance of manufacturing process. Take the intelligent cloud platform for industrial robots as an example, it adopts the hybrid cloud architecture at the cloud edge to integrate basic services such as network access, data collection, protocol conversion and control adaptation on the end side, realizes data preprocessing, anomaly detection and control feedback on the side side, and provides intelligent services such as mass data processing, association mining, knowledge discovery and application services on the cloud. It has formed the effective adaptation and intelligent integration of all kinds of intelligent devices, intelligent robots and intelligent service software.

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Second, Qunzhi blockchain promotes the interconnection of trusted value based on the industrial Internet.

The core issue of blockchain is the ternary balance, which can achieve a balance between scalability, distribution, and security, build a consensus mechanism, establish human-machine trust, and form a secure interaction of group intelligence. Blockchain is one of the important technical foundations for building the industrial Internet, and the industrial Internet based on blockchain has three important advantages: 1. The distributed organization and trusted method of man-machine swarm intelligence formed based on blockchain can make the industrial Internet form a trusted interaction, collaboration and sharing model of equipment – product – management – service and other links; 2. Automated operation of blockchain-based smart contracts to reduce the marginal cost of industrial supply chain transactions; 3. The trusted intelligent transactions based on blockchain realize the dynamic link of value, form a flexible and flexible supply model, and promote the optimization and balance of enterprise supply and demand.

Third, open source wisdom is the guiding ideology to promote the development of domestic industrial software.

In terms of industrial software, China’s R & D and design from the most prominent gap between foreign countries, domestic industrial software lack of universal core technology, lack of open technology ecology, market occupancy rate is low, and at this time artificial intelligence is deeply enabling industrial software utility, and integrated into the core components of industrial software, therefore, China’s industrial software development needs to seize this technical opportunity. Based on Qunzhi Software engineering, it solves the problems of industrial software collaborative development mode, development environment and security guarantee of intelligent industrial system, and creates a new situation for the development of China’s industrial software industry. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

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