【观点】中国信通院余晓晖：推动算力基础设施高质量发展

➤新一轮科技革命和产业变革正在向纵深演进，算力基础设施的重要性不断提升。做强做优做大我国数字经济，促进数字经济与实体经济融合发展，必须筑牢算力基础设施的坚实底座

➤“数据向西，算力向东”服务东部沿海等算力紧缺区域，解决我国东西部算力资源供需不均衡的问题。至此，全国一体化大数据中心体系完成总体布局设计，“东数西算”工程正式全面启动

➤伴随算力经济的发展，算力技术和人工智能的融合创新让智能计算中心成为新基建热点，即专门用于人工智能计算的中心。截至2023年3月，国内有超过30个城市正在建设或提出建设智能计算中心

随着数字经济时代全面开启，算力如同农耕文明时代的水力、工业文明时代的电力，以一种新的关键生产力形式，为各行各业的数字化转型注入新动能。

作为集信息计算力、网络运载力、数据存储力于一体的新型生产力，算力主要通过算力基础设施向社会提供服务。因此，做强做优做大我国数字经济，促进数字经济与实体经济融合发展，必须筑牢算力基础设施的坚实底座。

2023年10月，工业和信息化部、中央网信办、教育部、国家卫生健康委、中国人民银行、国务院国资委等六部门联合印发《算力基础设施高质量发展行动计划》（以下简称《行动计划》）。

《行动计划》制定了到2025年的主要发展目标，提出完善算力综合供给体系、提升算力高效运载能力、强化存力高效灵活保障、深化算力赋能行业应用、促进绿色低碳算力发展、加强安全保障能力建设等六方面重点任务，着力推动算力基础设施高质量发展。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

一、夯实数字化转型“算力底座”

近年来，党中央、国务院高度重视算力发展，作出一系列工作部署。前期，工业和信息化部加快新型信息基础设施体系建设，持续加强政策引导，会同发展改革委等部门指导建设全国一体化算力网络，布局多个枢纽节点，加快提升算力网络能力，稳步推进产业自主创新，不断夯实支撑经济社会数字化转型的“算力底座”，取得积极进展。

算力综合供给水平快速提升。我国算力基础设施主要包括超算中心、智算中心、通用数据中心等形态，都在同步建设中。2018年以来，我国数据中心机架数量年复合增长率超过30%，截至2023年6月底，在用标准机架超过760万架，算力总规模达197EFLOPS（每秒浮点运算次数），居全球第二。

算力布局不断优化，中西部算力设施占全国比例提升至41%，围绕算力枢纽节点新建约130条干线光缆，高速长距传输技术显著改善跨东西部数据传输质量。高功率机架、液冷等新技术、新产品逐步规模部署，有效降低单位算力所需空间和能耗。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

2021年底和2022年初，国家多部门联合印发通知，分别同意在京津冀、长三角、粤港澳大湾区、成渝、内蒙古、贵州、甘肃、宁夏等8地启动建设国家算力枢纽节点，并规划了10个国家数据中心集群。

“数据向西，算力向东”服务东部沿海等算力紧缺区域，解决我国东西部算力资源供需不均衡的问题。至此，全国一体化大数据中心体系完成总体布局设计，“东数西算”工程正式全面启动。

算力产业创新能力持续增强。我国算力产业链已初具规模，算力基础设施、平台、服务、运营能力不断提升，产业生态持续优化。通用服务器、边缘服务器性能不断提升，国产品牌服务器竞争力持续增强，服务器、计算机、智能手机等计算类产品产量全球第一。

从人脸识别、智能语音播报，到自动驾驶、工业数字孪生，无数看得见的智慧应用背后，是看不见的智能算力在支撑。以北京为例，作为一座拥有人工智能核心企业1048家、占我国人工智能核心企业总量近三分之一的城市，北京近年来持续加码人工智能算力基础设施布局，北京市首个市场化人工智能计算中心——北京昇腾人工智能计算中心于2023年2月正式成立。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

伴随算力经济的发展，算力技术和人工智能的融合创新让智能计算中心成为新基建热点，即专门用于人工智能计算的中心。截至2023年3月，国内有超过30个城市正在建设或提出建设智能计算中心。

算力赋能千行百业稳步深化。从应用领域看，算力应用已逐步从互联网向制造、金融、交通等传统行业、实体经济拓展。从支撑能力看，依托坚实的算力支撑，生物医药、天文地理等科技领域产生一批研究成果，智能驾驶、影视渲染水平大幅提升，广大人民群众在日常生活中能够切身感受到算力带来的变化。

如今，针对人工智能、大数据等新兴领域强化算力支撑，通过网络连接各类算力基础设施资源，深化公共数据资源开发利用，加快数据全过程应用，构建规范化数据开发利用的场景，并建立以应用服务为导向的创新型算力服务平台，降低用户使用门槛，持续赋能应用创新，形成推动算力基础设施高质量发展的强大动力。

二、算存运协调融合发展

近年来，算力基础设施建设应用工作取得突出成效。为了进一步优化资源供给体系，培育激发市场需求，强化发展要素保障，《行动计划》提出计算、网络和存储协同创新的发展理念，以系统工程的思维强调领先计算力、高效运载力和先进存储力协调融合发展，促进我国算力基础设施整体能力提升。

数据存储是算力基础设施的重要组成部分，是数字经济高质量发展的基石。计算、网络、存储这三者要协同发展，只有数据存得好、算得快、传得稳，算力基础设施才能发挥数据要素的价值。

计算力是数据中心对数据处理并实现结果输出的能力。根据所处理的业务特性不同，计算力可分为通用算力、超算算力和智能算力等类型。随着全球进入到人工智能时代，特别是大模型的爆发，智能算力需求不断提升。《行动计划》明确提出，到2025年，我国算力规模超过300EFLOPS，其中，智能算力占比从现在的25%将增长到35%。

运力是提升综合算力、实现算力赋能和促进东西联动的重要基础条件。随着计算规模不断增加，数据在处理芯片之间、服务器之间和数据中心之间的传输能力将极大影响计算性能，构建更加高速泛在、弹性敏捷、安全可靠、确定无损、智能融合的运力网络势在必行。《行动计划》以网络支撑算力应用为核心，从网络创新技术、算力接入网络、枢纽网络传输、协同调度机制等方面进行引导，提升算力高效运载能力。

为充分释放数据价值，保障数字经济的发展，数据需“存得好、算得快、传得稳”，这对存储力提出更高要求。为不断完善存力灵活保障能力，持续增强算力赋能成效，《行动计划》聚焦算存运的融合发展和产业赋能，制定加速存力技术研发应用、持续提升存储产业能力、推动存算网协同发展三大任务。

三、推动算力赋能千行百业

推动算力基础设施高质量发展，更好汇集算力资源、发挥算力价值，构建泛在融合的“算力+”行业应用体系，对于培育数据要素市场和激活数据价值具有重要战略意义，有利于推进数字经济和实体经济融合发展。

《行动计划》指出要围绕工业、金融、医疗、交通、能源、教育等重点领域，各打造30个以上应用标杆。

“算力+工业”定制化服务工业场景，全面推动我国新型工业化的发展，通过对工业场景海量数据实时分析，实现智能化辅助决策，可优化工艺流程，提高生产效率和产品质量。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

“算力+金融”构建安全稳定的数字金融基础，银行、证券和保险等行业建设多地算力基础设施，打造应用系统多活能力，保障线上支付、量化交易、融资租赁等业务的稳定运行。

“算力+教育”促进教育资源共享，能够提升教育质量，加速科技研发。算力通过支撑数字课堂，以在线教育的形式促进教育资源快速流通，人工智能驱动的科学研究（AI for Science）正在成为加快基础科学和应用科学发展的关键。

“算力+交通”满足智慧交通应用场景需求，加速自动驾驶产业发展。算力应用一方面优化交通流量，助力智慧城市建设；另一方面，通过语音交互、自动泊车和自动驾驶等提升智驾能力。

“算力+医疗”建设云边端结合的全民健康算力平台，打造“互联网+医疗健康”的应用体系，实现医疗资源的高效利用和有效下沉，助力满足人民群众健康需求。

“算力+能源”支撑能源智能调度体系建设，实现能源流、业务流、数据流的“三流合一”，辅助能源领域的智能决策，依托数字化手段提升能源安全保障能力。

算力开始赋能千行百业离不开多方合力。《行动计划》的落地实施，需要各级政府以及基础电信运营商、第三方数据中心服务商、互联网企业等各类经营主体在算力基础设施建设运营中发挥各自优势，互促互补、形成合力。

一是加强统筹联动。加强部门协同，分工做好重点任务组织保障，合力推进算力设施发展。

二是加大金融支持。加大对算力基础设施创新发展的金融支持力度，鼓励金融机构加大对绿色低碳算力基础设施的信贷支持。

三是深化交流协作。充分发挥产业联盟、标准组织的组织引导作用，推动交流与合作。支持算力企业走出去，加强国家交流与合作。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

四是强化平台支撑。完善中国算力平台和数据采集机制，探索算网存资源的协同对接，有效推动产业链上下游技术创新协作、资源共享。

翻译：

Yu Xiaohui, China ICT Academy: Promote high-quality development of computing infrastructure

➤ The new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is evolving in depth, and the importance of computing infrastructure is increasing. We must build a solid foundation of computing infrastructure to strengthen, improve and enhance the digital economy in our country and to promote the integrated development of digital economy and real economy

➤ “Data to the west, computing power to the east” to serve the eastern coastal areas of computing power shortage, to solve the problem of unbalanced supply and demand of computing resources in the east and west of China. At this point, the overall layout design of the national integrated big data center system has been completed, and the “East number and West calculation” project has been officially launched

➤ With the development of the computing economy, the integrated innovation of computing technology and artificial intelligence has made the intelligent computing center a new infrastructure hotspot, that is, a center dedicated to artificial intelligence computing. As of March 2023, more than 30 cities in China are building or proposing to build intelligent computing centers

Chengdu Intelligent Computing Center Chengdu High-tech Zone Management Committee

With the full opening of the era of digital economy, computing power is like water power in the era of agricultural civilization and electricity in the era of industrial civilization, injecting new momentum into the digital transformation of all walks of life in a new form of key productivity.

As a new type of productivity integrating information computing power, network carrying power and data storage power, computing power mainly provides services to the society through computing infrastructure. Therefore, to strengthen, improve and develop the digital economy in our country and to promote the integrated development of digital economy and real economy, we must build a solid foundation of computing power infrastructure. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

In October 2023, six departments, including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Central Cyberspace Administration, the Ministry of Education, the National Health Commission, the People’s Bank of China, and the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council jointly issued the Action Plan for High-quality Development of Computing Infrastructure (hereinafter referred to as the Action Plan).

The Action Plan has formulated the main development goals by 2025, and put forward six key tasks, including improving the comprehensive supply system of computing power, enhancing the efficient carrying capacity of computing power, strengthening the efficient and flexible support of storage power, deepening the application of computing power enabling industries, promoting the development of green and low-carbon computing power, and strengthening the capacity building of security security, to promote the high-quality development of computing infrastructure.

Consolidating the “computing base” of digital transformation

In recent years, the Party Central Committee and The State Council have attached great importance to the development of computing power and made a series of work deployments. In the early stage, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology accelerated the construction of a new information infrastructure system, continued to strengthen policy guidance, guided the construction of a national integrated computing network together with the Development and Reform Commission and other departments, laid out a number of hub nodes, accelerated the improvement of computing network capabilities, steadily promoted industrial independent innovation, and continuously consolidated the “computing base” supporting the digital transformation of the economy and society, and made positive progress.

The comprehensive supply of computing power has been rapidly improved. China’s computing infrastructure mainly includes supercomputing center, intelligent computing center, general data center and other forms, are under synchronous construction. Since 2018, the compound annual growth rate of the number of data center racks in China has exceeded 30%, and by the end of June 2023, more than 7.6 million standard racks are in use, and the total scale of computing power has reached 197EFLOPS (floating point operations per second), ranking second in the world.

The distribution of computing power has been continuously optimized, the proportion of computing power facilities in the central and western regions of the country has increased to 41%, about 130 trunk optical cables have been built around computing power hub nodes, and high-speed long-distance transmission technology has significantly improved the quality of data transmission across the East and west. New technologies and products such as high-power racks and liquid cooling are gradually deployed on a large scale, effectively reducing the space and energy consumption required per unit of computing power. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

At the end of 2021 and the beginning of 2022, multiple departments of the State jointly issued a notice, respectively, agreeing to start the construction of national computing hub nodes in eight places, including Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Chengdu-Chongqing, Inner Mongolia, Guizhou, Gansu and Ningxia, and planning 10 national data center clusters.

“Data to the west, computing power to the east” serves the east coast and other computing power shortage areas, to solve the problem of unbalanced supply and demand of computing resources in the east and west of China. At this point, the overall layout design of the national integrated big data center system has been completed, and the “East number and West calculation” project has been officially launched.

The innovation capacity of the computing power industry has been continuously enhanced. China’s computing industry chain has begun to take shape, computing infrastructure, platforms, services, and operational capabilities continue to improve, and industrial ecology continues to optimize. The performance of general purpose servers and edge servers continues to improve, the competitiveness of domestic brand servers continues to increase, and the output of computing products such as servers, computers and smartphones ranks first in the world. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

From face recognition and intelligent voice broadcasting to autonomous driving and industrial digital twins, behind countless visible intelligent applications, invisible intelligent computing power is supported. Taking Beijing as an example, as a city with 1048 artificial intelligence core enterprises, accounting for nearly one-third of the total number of artificial intelligence core enterprises in China, Beijing has continued to increase the layout of artificial intelligence computing infrastructure in recent years, and Beijing’s first market-oriented artificial intelligence computing center – Beijing Centen Artificial Intelligence Computing Center was officially established in February 2023.

With the development of the computing economy, the integrated innovation of computing technology and artificial intelligence has made the intelligent computing center a new infrastructure hotspot, that is, a center dedicated to artificial intelligence computing. As of March 2023, more than 30 cities in China are building or proposing to build intelligent computing centers.

Computing power enables thousands of industries to deepen steadily. From the application field, the application of computing power has gradually expanded from the Internet to traditional industries such as manufacturing, finance, and transportation and the real economy. From the perspective of supporting capacity, relying on the support of solid computing power, a number of research achievements have been produced in the fields of biomedicine, astronomy and geography, and the level of intelligent driving and film and television rendering has been greatly improved, and the vast number of people can feel the changes brought by computing power in their daily lives.

At present, strengthening computing support for emerging fields such as artificial intelligence and big data, connecting various computing infrastructure resources through the network, deepening the development and utilization of public data resources, speeding up the whole process of data application, building standardized data development and utilization scenarios, and establishing an innovative computing service platform oriented by application services, lowering the user access threshold, and continuously enabling application innovation. Form a strong driving force to promote the high-quality development of computing infrastructure. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

Coordinated and integrated development of accounting, storage and transportation

In recent years, outstanding results have been achieved in the construction and application of computing infrastructure. In order to further optimize the resource supply system, cultivate and stimulate market demand, and strengthen the guarantee of development factors, the Action Plan proposes the development concept of collaborative innovation of computing, network and storage, and emphasizes the coordinated and integrated development of leading computing power, efficient carrying power and advanced storage power with the thinking of system engineering, so as to promote the overall capacity improvement of China’s computing infrastructure.

Data storage is an important part of the computing infrastructure and the cornerstone of the high-quality development of the digital economy. Computing, network and storage should be developed in tandem, and only when the data is stored well, calculated quickly and transmitted steadily can the computing infrastructure give play to the value of data elements.

Computing power is the ability of the data center to process data and realize the result output. According to the different business characteristics, computing power can be divided into general computing power, supercomputing power and intelligent computing power. As the world enters the era of artificial intelligence, especially the outbreak of large models, the demand for intelligent computing power continues to increase. The “Action Plan” clearly states that by 2025, the scale of China’s computing power will exceed 300EFLOPS, of which the proportion of intelligent computing power will increase from 25% now to 35%. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

Transport capacity is an important basic condition for improving comprehensive computing power, enabling computing power and promoting East-west linkage. As the scale of computing continues to increase, the ability of data transmission between processing chips, servers and data centers will greatly affect computing performance, and it is imperative to build a more high-speed ubiquitous, flexible, secure and reliable, lossless, intelligent and integrated transport network. The “Action Plan” focuses on the application of network support computing power, and provides guidance from the aspects of network innovation technology, computing power access network, hub network transmission, and collaborative scheduling mechanism to improve the efficient carrying capacity of computing power.

In order to fully release the value of data and ensure the development of the digital economy, data needs to be “stored well, calculated fast, and transmitted steadily”, which puts higher requirements on storage power. In order to continuously improve the flexible support capability of storage and continue to enhance the effectiveness of computing power empowerment, the Action Plan focuses on the integrated development of computing, storage and transportation and industrial empowerment, and establishes three major tasks: accelerating the research and development of storage technology, continuously improving the capacity of the storage industry, and promoting the collaborative development of storage and computing networks.

Promote computing power to empower thousands of industries

Promoting the high-quality development of computing infrastructure, better pooling of computing resources, giving full play to the value of computing, and building a ubiquitous integrated “computing +” industry application system are of strategic significance for cultivating the data factor market and activating the value of data, and are conducive to promoting the integrated development of the digital economy and the real economy. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

The action Plan points out that more than 30 application benchmarks should be built in key areas such as industry, finance, medical care, transportation, energy and education.

“Computing + industry” customized service industrial scenes, comprehensively promote the development of China’s new industrialization, through the real-time analysis of massive data of industrial scenes, intelligent decision-making, can optimize the process, improve production efficiency and product quality.

“Computing + finance” builds a secure and stable digital financial foundation, and the banking, securities and insurance industries build multi-location computing infrastructure, build application system multi-activity capacity, and ensure the stable operation of online payment, quantitative trading, financial leasing and other businesses. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

“Computing power + education” promotes the sharing of educational resources, can improve the quality of education, and accelerate scientific and technological research and development. By supporting digital classrooms and facilitating the rapid flow of educational resources in the form of online education, artificial intelligence-driven Science (AI for Science) is becoming the key to accelerating the development of basic and applied science.

“Computing + transportation” meets the needs of intelligent transportation application scenarios and accelerates the development of the autonomous driving industry. On the one hand, the application of computing power optimizes traffic flow and helps the construction of smart cities; On the other hand, intelligent driving capabilities are enhanced through voice interaction, automatic parking and automatic driving. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

“Computing + Medical” Build a national health computing platform combined with cloud edge, create an application system of “Internet + medical health”, realize the efficient use and effective sinking of medical resources, and help meet the health needs of the people.

“Computing power + energy” supports the construction of energy intelligent dispatch system, realizes the “three-flow integration” of energy flow, business flow and data flow, assists intelligent decision-making in the energy field, and improves energy security capability by relying on digital means.

Computing power began to empower thousands of industries can not be separated from the joint efforts. The implementation of the Action Plan requires governments at all levels, basic telecom operators, third-party data center service providers, Internet companies and other business entities to give play to their respective advantages in the construction and operation of computing infrastructure, complement each other and form a synergy.

First, we need to strengthen overall planning and interaction. Strengthen departmental coordination, division of labor, organization and guarantee of key tasks, and jointly promote the development of computing facilities. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

Second, we will increase financial support. Increase financial support for the innovative development of computing infrastructure, and encourage financial institutions to increase credit support for green and low-carbon computing infrastructure.

Third, deepen exchanges and coordination. Give full play to the organizational and guiding role of industry alliances and standards organizations to promote exchanges and cooperation. Support computing enterprises to go global and strengthen national exchanges and cooperation.

Fourth, we will strengthen platform support. Improve China’s computing power platform and data collection mechanism, explore the synergy of computing network storage resources, and effectively promote technological innovation collaboration and resource sharing across the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

由CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）转载而成，来源于中国信息通信研究院院长；作者余晓晖；编辑/翻译：CXO UNIONCXO联盟小U。

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