【动向】马云带他创业三次，004号员工拯救阿里

马云是阿里的根，蔡崇信是骨，吴泳铭则是脑。

戴珊让贤了。

阿里巴巴集团于12月20日宣布，淘天集团原CEO戴珊将调任协助筹建阿里巴巴集团资产管理公司，戴珊的岗位由阿里巴巴集团CEO吴泳铭接任。

这次人事变动后，吴泳铭一人兼任阿里云、淘天两大集团的1号位，距他9月10号接棒张勇集团CEO的位置刚好100天。

此前，张勇推行的“1+6+N”组织变革已悄然发生变化，原定打头阵上市的盒马因融资遇冷，IPO计划已暂缓；原定独立分拆并引入外部投资者的阿里云，也停止分拆动作。

随着最新的权力任命，阿里新一轮战略脉络也浮出水面：淘天、阿里云回到母体，成为眼下最核心的两大战略重心，由集团统一指挥，继续输血投入；其余业务也将围绕主业进行战略取舍，阿里从大刀阔斧的“分”逐渐回到合力状态。

此前，吴泳铭曾在业绩电话会表示过，除了核心业务和创新业务外，其他业务都要背财务指标，要么盈利，要么变现。

接近阿里的人士告诉《中国企业家》：“菜鸟、本地、海外这三个独立发展比较好的业务，不会有太大变化。”但其他发展受阻滞的业务，需要担心一下自己的命运了。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

上任100天，吴泳铭的铁腕作风终于被外界看到。

作为最年轻的“十八罗汉”，吴泳铭向来低调，即使在公司内部也鲜有公开发言。接近吴泳铭的人士透露：“吴妈（吴泳铭）话不多，讲话总是慢悠悠的，带着点江浙口音。”

出身技术，后来又投身于创投，吴泳铭被马云找回来当阿里CEO，一直被外界认为是“临时救火”。如今看来，吴泳铭正在展现一个实干家应有的果断。

此前，知情人士曾透露：“吴妈对阿里云和淘天目前状况很不满意。”

11月底，吴泳铭迅速调整了阿里云的业务管理团队，并对内强调“无论过去有多成功都必须翻篇归零”；他还把1688、闲鱼、钉钉、夸克拎出来，定为“第一批战略级创新业务”。可想而知淘天自上而下的大变革想必也会很快到来。

历史上，帝国的兴衰史通常有一个规律——一代开国打江山，二代稳治国安社稷，三代的使命，通常是在下坡路时，力挽狂澜。作为实干意义上的第三代掌门人，吴泳铭几乎成为阿里复兴的最后希望。

站在最关键的时间窗口，可以说，阿里将成也吴泳铭、败也吴泳铭。其对战略的思考判断，和对业务的轻重取舍，都将决定阿里未来的命运。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

那么，马云选定的这个人，为何会是吴泳铭？

一、阿里的大脑

马云和吴泳铭关系匪浅。二人在阿里成立之前便相识。后来，马云的三次创业，都带上了比自己小11岁的吴泳铭。

1996年，刚从浙江工业大学毕业的吴泳铭，无意间在报纸上发现一家叫“中国黄页”的公司正在招聘程序员。“难得的机会，终于可以不受限制地上网了。”吴泳铭当时想。

揣着这样的想法，吴泳铭带着一张存着自己写的几个小程序的软盘去面试了。彼时，吴泳铭21岁，马云32岁，吴懂技术、懂互联网，马云虽然召集了不少人才，但懂技术的员工却不多；而马云对商业的眼光和愿景也打动了吴。二人一见如故，相谈甚欢，吴泳铭当即决定入职。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

1997年11月，经过深思熟虑，马云决定离开中国黄页，北上外经贸部出任中国国际电子商务中心国富通信息技术发展有限公司总经理，主要开发外经贸部官方网站及网上广交会等产品。

跟随马云第一批北上的，就有吴泳铭，还有张英、孙彤宇、楼文胜等人，熟悉情况后，彭蕾、戴珊等人也会师北京。

彼时，黄页的一些员工因为家庭在江浙，选择留在了杭州。吴泳铭出生于浙江桐庐，大学也就读于浙江工业大学，是个典型的南方男孩，但却毅然追随马云去了北京，无条件支持马云开始第二次创业。

外经贸部在马云的帮助下成立了国富通。在国富通，吴泳铭和周悦虹编程序，孙彤宇负责推广，楼文胜写文案，谢世煌管财务，张英和彭蕾做编辑、行政和服务。每天下班后，大家都在合租房里一起吃饭，仿若一个大家庭。

一年后，马云决定放弃国富通，回到杭州，开始第三次创业。1999年2月，在马云湖畔花园的家中，马云、吴泳铭以及其余16个人齐集一堂召开会议，马云提出一起出资创办公司，每个人都以股份的形式参与进来，最后他们凑了50万，阿里巴巴成立。彼时，吴泳铭是004号员工，也是阿里的第一名程序员。

吴泳铭在阿里的履历，一直集中在技术岗位，先是担任淘宝网技术总监，随后成为支付宝首席技术官。手机淘宝、阿里妈妈这几个产品的研发，吴泳铭也都在其中发挥了关键作用。吴泳铭后来参与收购高德地图、UC 浏览器、陌陌、友盟等业务，随着阿里巴巴集团进军健康领域，吴泳铭在阿里健康担任了5年董事长。

可以说，吴泳铭全程陪伴了马云的创业人生，并且对马云的决策几乎照单全收，“指哪儿打哪儿”，是一位愿意冲锋陷阵的实干家。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

在阿里，吴泳铭的花名是“东邪”，源自金庸小说里的角色黄药师。黄药师个性离经叛道，狂傲不羁，然而却最敬重忠、义、孝之辈，“此乃大节”。吴泳铭为人个性与黄药师相反，处事温和，低调内敛，但在“大节之道”上倒是看法一致。

马云用人，无疑需要“敢于把后背交给对方、互相信任，无条件支持”，吴泳铭是不二人选。从能力的角度，与当年只懂技术的“毛头小子”相比，如今的吴泳铭已然是六边形战士。

2015年离开阿里之后，吴泳铭创立元璟资本，关注早期创业公司，理想汽车、每日优鲜、涂鸦智能等明星项目，背后都有元璟资本的身影。

在阿里，找一个懂技术的人才很简单，懂商业、懂资本的人才也不计其数，但如果三者皆精通，对前沿趋势有敏锐洞察，又与马云、阿里一起风雨同舟成长至今的人，恐怕唯有吴泳铭一个。

但吴泳铭并非马云的影子。上任后一系列雷厉风行的动作，可见，吴泳铭有想法、有野心，在二人大方向一致的前提下，估计马云也愿意放手让他去干。

如今的阿里，马云是阿里的根，蔡崇信是骨，他们是灵魂人物，如同定海神针，而吴泳铭则是脑，拥有调动阿里每一根毛细血管的能力。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

如马云说过：“战士在前线，一定要给他充足的弹药。将在外，军令有所不受。”

二、CEO不好当

只是吴泳铭这个CEO并不好当。

光是这一年，阿里就有不少困难待解决。年初的“1+6+N”战略如今看来，很多偏激之处都有待纠正；阿里云刚宣布分拆，AI革命就来了；内部矛盾还未解决，拼多多市值又赶超了阿里。如今的阿里，可谓焦头烂额。

吴泳铭上任后，第一件事是果断做取舍，重新确立两大战略重心：用户为先、AI驱动。集团围绕这两大重心进行业务梳理，重塑业务战略优先级。在此基础上，阿里对三类业务加大战略性投入：1、技术驱动的互联网平台业务；2、AI驱动的科技业务；3、全球化的商业网络。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

先开刀的是阿里云。

11月23日，阿里云进行了一系列组织架构调整：商业化层面，成立公共云业务事业部，由刘伟光负责；成立混合云业务事业部，由李津负责。加之此前就由袁千负责的海外业务事业部，三个事业部负责人均向吴泳铭汇报。

阿里云首席商业官蔡英华则告别了阿里云。这和阿里云的新战略有关，“AI驱动、公共云优先”。吴泳铭指出，AI驱动就是要打造一朵“AI时代最开放的云”，为各行各业提供稳定高效的AI基础设施，共建开放繁荣的AI生态；而公共云优先，即指对所有产品和业务模式做取舍，减少项目制销售订单，加大公共云核心产品投入。这恰好是擅长政企业务，能搞定大客户订单的蔡英华最不擅长的事情。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

大模型带来的市场需求，和传统云计算有明显差异。比如，传统算力需求转变成了智能算力需求，大模型训练、推理对云的技术要求更高了。过往的云计算业务，已经成为如电力一般的基础设施，大面积普及，很难再创造增长神话。财报显示，2024财年第二季度，阿里云收入为276.48亿元，同比增速仅为2%。

大模型已经成为云厂商下一阶段制胜的关键变量。支撑这个新故事的核心要素，一是技术的竞争力，二则是能否把竞争力变成利润，但这两点目前都还存在巨大的未知。从全球范围来看，中国的大模型的竞争力仍有许多追赶空间，商业化盈利更是遥遥无期，吴泳铭要解决的困难还有很多。

但吴泳铭时代，可以确认AI将贯穿阿里各业务的发展。据《晚点 LatePost》报道，淘天集团刚刚梳理完其AI业务，从约20个团队收拢为4个，同时对内发布了淘天自己的大模型产品 “星辰”；国际数字商业集团的AI团队目前已超过百人。

组织越来越大，避免不了业务的空虚化，阿里的业务还需要继续瘦身，以免重复造轮子，浪费资源。

在吴泳铭的战略里，弹药要集中用到最核心的地方。可以预见，阿里云和淘天的新一轮变革，只是阿里调整的一个开始。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

翻译：

Ma Yun took him to start a business three times, and 004 employees saved Ali

Ma Yun is the root of Ali, Tsai Chongxin is the bone, Wu Yongming is the brain.

Kardashian has made way.

Alibaba Group announced on December 20 that Tao Tian Group’s former CEO Kardashian will be transferred to help build Alibaba Group Asset management company, Kardashian’s position will be taken over by Alibaba Group CEO Wu Yongming. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

After the personnel change, Wu Yongming a person concurrently Ali Cloud, Tao Day two groups of the No. 1 position, from his September 10 to take over the position of Zhang Yong Group CEO just 100 days.

Previously, the “1+6+N” organizational change implemented by Zhang Yong has quietly changed, and the box Ma that was scheduled to be listed in the first place has been suspended due to cold financing. Alibaba Cloud, which was scheduled to be separated independently and introduce outside investors, also stopped the spin-off.

With the latest power appointment, Ali also surfaced a new round of strategic context: Tao Day, Ali Cloud back to the mother, become the core of the two strategic focus, by the group unified command, continue to transfusion investment; The rest of the business will also be strategic around the main business, Ali from the drastic “division” gradually returned to the state of joint force.

Previously, Wu Yongming had said in the performance call that in addition to the core business and innovative business, other businesses have to back financial indicators, either profit or cash.

People close to Ali told “Chinese entrepreneurs” : “Cainiao, local, overseas these three independent development better business, there will not be much change.” But other stalled businesses need to worry about their fate. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

After 100 days in office, Wu Yongming’s iron style was finally seen by the outside world.

As the youngest “eighteen Arhats”, Wu Yongming has always been low-key, even within the company rarely speaks publicly. People close to Wu Yongming said: “Wu Ma [Wu Yongming] does not speak much, always speak slowly, with a little Jiangsu and Zhejiang accent.”

Born in technology, and later devoted to venture capital, Wu Yongming was found by Ma Yun when Ali CEO, has been considered to be a “temporary fire.” Now, it seems, Wu Yongming is showing the decisiveness of a doer.

Previously, a source close to the situation had said: “Wu Ma is not satisfied with the current situation of Aliyun and Taotian.”

At the end of November, Wu Yongming quickly adjusted Alibaba Cloud’s business management team, and internally stressed that “no matter how successful we have been in the past, we must turn the page to zero”; He also singled out 1688, Xianyu, Nail nail, and Quark as “the first batch of strategic innovative businesses.” It can be imagined that the big changes from top to bottom will surely come soon.

Historically, the rise and fall of empires usually has a rule – one generation founded the country, the second generation ruled the country, and the third generation’s mission, usually in the downhill, to turn the tide. As the third generation leader in the sense of practical work, Wu Yongming almost became the last hope for Ali’s revival. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

Standing in the most critical time window, it can be said that Ali will become Wu Yongming and defeat Wu Yongming. Its strategic thinking and judgment, and the choice of business, will determine the future fate of Ali.

Source: Visual China

So, Ma Yun selected this person, why is Wu Yongming?

First, Ali’s brain

Jack Ma and Wu Yongming have a close relationship. The two have known each other since before Ali was founded. Later, Ma Yun’s three start-ups brought Wu Yongming, who was 11 years younger than himself.

In 1996, Wu Yongming, who had just graduated from Zhejiang University of Technology, accidentally found in a newspaper that a company called “China Yellow Pages” was hiring programmers. “A rare opportunity to finally have unrestricted access to the Internet.” Wu Yongming thought at that time.

With this idea in mind, Wu Yongming took a floppy disk with several small programs he wrote to the interview. At that time, Wu Yongming 21 years old, Ma Yun 32 years old, Wu understand technology, understand the Internet, although Ma Yun convened a lot of talent, but understand the technical staff is not much; And Ma Yun’s vision and vision for business also moved Wu. Two people hit it off, talk to each other very happy, Wu Yongming immediately decided to join.

In November 1997, after careful consideration, Ma Yun decided to leave China Yellow Pages and became the general manager of China International E-commerce Center Guofutong Information Technology Development Co., LTD., mainly developing products such as the official website of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation and the online Canton Fair. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

The first group to follow Ma Yun to the north, there are Wu Yongming, as well as Zhang Ying, Sun Tongyu, Lou Wensheng, etc., familiar with the situation, Peng Lei, Kardashian and other people also met in Beijing.

At that time, some employees of Yellow Pages chose to stay in Hangzhou because their families were in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Wu Yongming was born in Tonglu, Zhejiang Province, and also studied in Zhejiang University of Technology. He is a typical southern boy, but he resolutely followed Ma Yun to Beijing and unconditionally supported Ma Yun to start his second business.

The Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation set up Guofutong with the help of Jack Ma. At Guofutong, Wu Yongming and Zhou Yuehong wrote programming, Sun Tongyu was responsible for marketing, Lou Wensheng wrote copywriting, Xie Shihuang managed finance, and Zhang Ying and Peng Lei did editorial, administration and service. Every day after work, everyone eats together in a shared room, like a big family. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

A year later, Ma Yun decided to give up Guofutong and return to Hangzhou to start his third business. In February 1999, in Ma Yun’s lake garden home, Ma Yun, Wu Yongming and other 16 people gathered for a meeting, Ma Yun proposed to start the company together, everyone participated in the form of shares, and finally they raised 500,000 yuan, Alibaba was founded. At that time, Wu Yongming was employee No. 004 and Ali’s first programmer.

Mr Wu’s record at Alibaba has been focused on technology roles, first as chief technology officer at Taobao and then as chief technology officer at Alipay. Mobile phone Taobao, Ali mother of these products research and development, Wu Yongming also played a key role in them. Wu Yongming later participated in the acquisition of Amap, UC Browser, Momo, Youmeng and other businesses, as Alibaba Group into the health sector, Wu Yongming served as chairman of Ali Health for five years.

It can be said that Wu Yongming accompanied Ma Yun’s entrepreneurial life throughout, and Ma Yun’s decision-making was almost fully accepted according to the single, “where to play”, is a doer willing to charge into the battle. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

In Ali, Wu Yongming’s nickname is “Evil of the East,” a reference to Huang Yaoshi, the character in Jin Yong’s novels. Huang Pharmacist personality deviant, arrogant unruly, but the most respected loyalty, righteousness, filial generation, “this is the festival”. Wu Yongming personality and Huang pharmacist contrary, doing things mild, low-key introverted, but in the “big festival of the way” on the same view.

Ma Yun employ, undoubtedly need to “dare to give the back to each other, mutual trust, unconditional support”, Wu Yongming is the best candidate. From the point of view of ability, compared with the “young boy” who only understood technology at that time, Wu Yongming is now a hexagonal warrior.

After leaving Ali in 2015, Wu Yongming founded Yuan Jing Capital, focusing on early startup companies, ideal car, Daily Youxian, Graffiti intelligence and other star projects, behind Yuan Jing Capital figure.

In Ali, it is very simple to find a technical talent, understand business, understand capital talent is also countless, but if all three are proficient, have a keen insight into the frontier trend, and with Ma Yun, Ali together to grow up so far, I am afraid that Wu Yongming is the only one.

But Mr Wu is no shadow of Mr Ma. A series of vigorous actions after taking office, it can be seen that Wu Yongming has ideas and ambitions, under the premise of the same direction of the two people, it is estimated that Ma Yun is also willing to let him go.

Today’s Ali, Ma Yun is the root of Ali, Tsai Chongxin is the bone, they are the soul characters, like the anchor, and Wu Yongming is the brain, with the ability to mobilize every capillary of Ali.

As Ma Yun said: “Soldiers in the front line, we must give him enough ammunition.” Military orders are not subject to military orders.” CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

Second, the CEO is not good

But Wu Yongming is not a good CEO.

Source: Alibaba.com

This year alone, Ali has a lot of difficulties to solve. The “1+6+N” strategy at the beginning of the year now seems to have many extremes to correct; Ali Cloud just announced the split, the AI revolution came; The internal contradictions have not been solved, and the market value of Pinduoduo has caught up with Ali. Now Ali, can be said to be in trouble.

After Wu Yongming took office, the first thing was to decisively make a choice and re-establish the two strategic focuses: user first and AI driven. The Group organized its business around these two centers of gravity and reshaped its business strategic priorities. On this basis, Ali increased strategic investment in three types of business: 1. Technology-driven Internet platform business; 2. Ai-driven technology business; 3. Global business network. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

The first to operate is Alibaba Cloud.

On November 23, Alibaba Cloud made a series of organizational structure adjustments: at the commercialization level, the public cloud business division was established, and Liu Weiguang was responsible for it; Set up the hybrid cloud business division, which is in charge of Li Jin. In addition to the overseas business division that Yuan Qian was responsible for before, the heads of the three business divisions reported to Wu Yongming.

Ali Cloud chief commercial officer CAI Yinghua said goodbye to Ali Cloud. This is related to Alibaba Cloud’s new strategy, “AI driven, public cloud priority.” Wu Yongming pointed out that AI drive is to create a “most open cloud in the AI era”, provide stable and efficient AI infrastructure for all walks of life, and build an open and prosperous AI ecology; The public cloud priority means to make choices on all products and business models, reduce project-based sales orders, and increase investment in public cloud core products. This is exactly what CAI Yinghua, who is good at government business and can get big customer orders, is not good at. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

The market demand brought by the large model is significantly different from that of traditional cloud computing. For example, traditional computing power needs have changed into intelligent computing power needs, and large model training and reasoning have higher technical requirements for the cloud. In the past, the cloud computing business has become an infrastructure like electricity, and it is difficult to create a growth myth. According to the financial report, in the second quarter of the fiscal year 2024, Alibaba Cloud revenue was 27.648 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth rate of only 2%.

The big model has become the key variable for cloud vendors to win in the next stage. The core elements that underpin this new story are the competitiveness of the technology and the ability to turn competitiveness into profit, both of which remain huge unknowns. From a global perspective, the competitiveness of China’s large model still has a lot of room to catch up, and commercial profits are far away, and Wu Yongming has many difficulties to solve.

However, in the era of Wu Yongming, it can be confirmed that AI will run through the development of Ali’s various businesses. According to LatePost, Taotian Group has just sorted out its AI business from about 20 teams to 4, and released its own large-scale model product “Star” internally. The International Digital Business Group’s AI team is now more than 100 people.

The organization is getting larger and larger, and the emptiness of the business cannot be avoided, and Ali’s business needs to continue to slim down, so as not to repeat the wheel and waste resources.

In Wu Yongming’s strategy, ammunition should be concentrated in the most core place. It can be predicted that the new round of changes in Ali Cloud and Tao Day is only the beginning of Ali’s adjustment.

由CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）转载而成，来源于中国企业家杂志；编辑/翻译：CXO UNIONCXO联盟小U。

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