【观点】彼得·德鲁克：做管理，只要了解这5点你就是高手

作为世界著名管理大师，彼得·德鲁克以系列管理思想为世人所瞩目和重视。其中，他在人力资源管理中简洁而深邃的观点，对企业影响最深远。

其实，”人力资源”的概念也是他首次提出的。他在《管理的实践》中写道：

人力资源是所有资源中最有生产力、最多才多艺、也是最丰富的资源，它最大的优势在于具有协调、整合、判断和想象的能力。它与其他资源最大的区别在于，人能充分地利用自我，发挥自身长处，对于工作有绝对的自主权，人的发展无法靠外力来完成，往往必须从内在产生。

德鲁克的人力资源核心思想，体现在以下5点。

一、终极任务是激发热情

管理者的主要职责是激励员工。管理者必须学会激发员工热情，使之心里踏实，充满希望，心甘情愿地为实现组织目标而努力奋斗。

二、组织并非为利益存在

任何组织都不是为了自身利益而存在，而是为了实现某种特定社会目的，并通过满足社会需要而存在。

每个组织都要认识到满足需要是其存在的根本，随着社会的发展，不断提高能力，更好地满足需要是其持续存在的条件。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

三、将员工长处与岗位匹配

无论是谁，在用人时，如果只想减少弱点，那么他所领导的组织必然归于平庸。

管理者一定要认识到，人无完人，要将员工的长处与岗位合理匹配。用人就是用人的长处，用最合适的人胜过用最优秀的人。

管理者最应该学会的，就是发现人才优点，使得人尽其才，将合适的人放在合适的位置上。

四、知识成为关键性资源

在当今企业中，拥有某方面专长的知识型员工越来越多，因此，对知识型员工的管理问题就越来越突出。

知识型员工更注重精神需求的满足，为此，管理者对知识型员工要有更多的理解和交流，管理手段也必须跟进。实践证明，对知识型员工的管理，必须建立在人本主义的基础上，他们更需要管理者关注，更需要以一种平等友善的态度去交流和沟通。

其实，世界名企的管理模式逐渐变得更加生活化，更加贴近人性，更加符合人的需求，比如谷歌、亚马逊、腾讯、阿里等。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

在知识型组织里，管理的方式不是指挥，而是指导。

五、最有价值的资产是人

当下经济是以高新技术产业为主导，以知识为基础的经济，归根结底是人才经济。

企业竞争，知识的创造，利润与增值，资源的合理配置，最终都要靠人才来实现，人才是实现经济体制和增长方式的两个根本转变的关键。

基于此，人才将成为推动企业成长发展的主导力量。唯有将个人发展与企业发展融为一体，使人才将其才华、理想、价值充分发挥和体现，才能最大限度地创造企业绩效。可见，人力资源管理对企业而言，不仅是一项职能，更是一项战略。

翻译：

Peter Drucker: In management, as long as you understand these five points you are a master

As a world famous management master, Peter Drucker has attracted worldwide attention and attention for his series of management ideas. Among them, his concise and profound views in human resource management have the most far-reaching impact on enterprises.

In fact, the concept of “human resources” was first proposed by him. He wrote in The Practice of Management: CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

Human resource is the most productive, versatile and abundant resource among all resources, and its greatest advantage lies in its ability to coordinate, integrate, judge and imagine. The biggest difference between it and other resources is that people can make full use of themselves, give play to their own strengths, and have absolute autonomy for work. Human development cannot be completed by external forces, and often must be generated from within.

Drucker’s core ideas on human resources are reflected in the following five points.

The ultimate task is to inspire enthusiasm

The main responsibility of a manager is to motivate employees. Managers must learn to inspire enthusiasm, make people feel secure, hopeful, and willing to work hard to achieve organizational goals.

The organization does not exist for profit

Any organization does not exist for its own benefit, but to achieve a specific social purpose and by meeting a social need.

Every organization should recognize that meeting needs is the foundation of its existence, and with the development of society, constantly improving its ability to better meet needs is a condition for its continued existence. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

Match employees’ strengths with their positions

Whoever wants to reduce weakness in hiring will inevitably lead an organization that is mediocre.

Managers must recognize that no one is perfect and match the strengths of employees to their positions. Employing people is the strength of employing people, using the most suitable people is better than using the best people.

What managers should learn most is to find the advantages of talent, make the best use of people, and put the right people in the right position.

Knowledge becomes a critical resource

In today’s enterprises, there are more and more knowledge workers with certain expertise, so the management of knowledge workers is becoming more and more prominent.

Knowledge workers pay more attention to the satisfaction of spiritual needs, so managers should have more understanding and communication with knowledge workers, and management methods must follow up. Practice has proved that the management of knowledge workers must be based on humanism, they need more attention from managers, and they need to communicate and communicate with an equal and friendly attitude.

In fact, the management mode of the world’s famous enterprises has gradually become more life, more close to human nature, and more in line with the needs of people, such as Google, Amazon, Tencent, Ali and so on. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

In knowledge organizations, management is not directed, but directed.

The most valuable asset is people

The current economy is a knowledge-based economy dominated by high-tech industries, and in the final analysis, it is a talent economy.

Enterprise competition, knowledge creation, profit and value-added, rational allocation of resources, ultimately rely on talent to achieve, talent is the key to realize the two fundamental changes in economic system and growth mode.

Based on this, talent will become the dominant force to promote the growth and development of enterprises. Only the integration of personal development and enterprise development, so that talents will give full play to their talents, ideals, values, in order to maximize the creation of enterprise performance. It can be seen that human resource management is not only a function, but also a strategy for enterprises. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

由CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）转载而成，来源于领导者管理笔记；编辑/翻译：CXO UNIONCXO联盟小U。

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