【观点】中国人民大学教授、博导，《华为基本法》起草专家组成员孙健敏：天生的“领导者”，从不谈逆境

该说的他们都说了，我就落到人身上，从社会到组织再到个人。刚才主持人说了，我们几个人的报告好像有很多共同点，都是在没有提前商量的前提下。这不奇怪。我记得当年任正非跟我们五个人（《华为基本法》起草专家组成员）最初谈让我们进华为的时候，有这样一个说法。他说：我看好你们五个人，并不是因为你们每个人怎么样，你们每个人都有自己的想法，我更看重的是你们五个人的想法有很多共通的东西，这个团队的力量是很可怕的。这是1995年的事了。说明我们几个人很早以前就有很多共识。CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

今年因为各种原因，我从江苏到山东、从广东到陕西，走了大大小小二十几个企业，有做自动驾驶软件的、有做食品添加剂的、有做修船的、有做花岗岩大理石的，还有大型国有企业，如中建一局、中建三局等，包括山东滨州一个很著名的上市公司，400亿规模的村办企业。CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

我跟这些企业的高管聊，因为这几年的疫情中遇到了一些问题，大家都表达了两个直接或者间接的意思。一个是对未来的走势判断不是很准，信心不足，投资方向不明，不知道该怎么办，这个力量不知道该往哪儿用。另一个是自己经营的领域，因为单子不够，甚至对自己已经做得还不错的产业都产生了一点动摇。这是跟他们吃饭聊天的时候听到的心里话，我觉得肯定是实话。因此，我今天就分享一下在逆境中如何坚守自己的本行问题。实际上，都是老生常谈的问题，既不高大上，也没有系统逻辑或者理论，我称之为闲言碎语，家长里短。但针对的问题是我们面临的共同挑战：前路似乎迷茫，该怎么办？CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

一、坚守意味着什么？

我们先来看一段录像吧。我相信在座的各位都看过这个段子，因为已经很久了。但我觉得其中表达的思想或观点永远不过时。就是任正非用乌龟来比喻华为的坚持精神和奋斗精神，他说华为二十五年来傻乎乎地爬呀爬呀，慢慢地爬，坚持不懈，持之以恒。这就是我今天要分享的主题：坚守！CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

今天我和吴春波老师没有商量，都用到了“上甘岭”，他用文字，我用照片，尽管年轻人未必知道这个照片的意思。文字和照片要表达是一个意思！CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

当很多人都试图去做风口上的“猪”的时候，我一直觉得我自己就是个乌龟。乌龟有乌龟的活法，猪有猪的活法，凤凰有凤凰的活法。乌龟与兔子竞争，只能用自己擅长的方法，不能用换赛道或超越的方法。乌龟的活法是什么？我想说是“坚守”。  CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

当我们说坚守的时候，我是相信因为有人在上班的时候坚守，所以我们才可以坐在这里。因为曾经有人明知道自己已经活不了的时候还在坚守，所以我们才有了今天的和平。我很喜欢这个表述：不是因为有希望才去坚守，而是因为有人坚守才看到了希望。坚守通过自己的坚守给别人带来了希望，这就是影响力，这就是领导力。谢谢华为，谢谢很多很多坚守的人。

刚才吴老师分享的时候说到领导力，我没有用这个词，但我要表达的意思也是领导力。企业家通过坚守来影响别人。因为坚守，这不仅是自己的事情，也是在向别人传递一个信心，这个信心就是领导力。VUCA时代，当大家都在动摇的时候，都看不清楚的时候，谁能够勇敢站出来，当仁不让，那这个人就是所谓的领导者。当然，坚守的前提是方向正确。如果选错了方向还坚持，那就是傻子。所以，坚守，首先要弄清楚坚守什么。

现在大家能够看到的、能够获得的信息很多。尤其是社交媒体上的很多东西，都不太靠谱。比如，拿着旧地图找不到新大陆。没有旧地图怎么走出旧大陆呢？不是地图的错，而是如何使用地图的差异！又如，弯道超车。大家都在说弯道超车的时候，是不是人生永远都是弯道？回到直道上怎么办呢？还有一种说法叫换赛道，我就纳闷了，换赛道后，以前的赛道谁去跑？CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

当大家都在说选择比努力更重要，我选了一个难为自己的话题，我是强调努力，因为我个人的人生经验也这样告诉我：选择是有条件的，努力是没有边界的。昨天刚看到一个最新的报道，来自美国得克萨斯州立大学奥斯汀分校的中年女教授主持的一个项目，研究人类的公平和不公平的问题。她的结论是，基因生来就带有不公平的成分，不是选择的问题。我的本能告诉我：人生来不平等。我生来就是个土鳖，你生来是海归，黄老师生在北京，我生在山东农村，我们进北京要用10年的时间打拼奋斗，坚守自己的选择，不断努力。我们是走出来了，到北京了，但我小学的同学，中学的同学，还有很多想走出来但没有走出来的。什么叫平等？我不是抱怨，我觉得大家也不用抱怨，抱怨没有意义。我们能做的就是在力所能及的范围内不断努力，坚持不懈，做好自己的事。但打拼到今天，我发现我又错了，我的父母还在山东老家，希望我回去陪伴他们。我还要坚守吗？我该放弃吗？CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

这些年来管理领域的新概念新词汇层出不穷，我不建议大家去追随时尚的概念，因为不见得有道理。老的观点也不见得不成立。比如二十年前曾经红极一时一本书，总结了企业家应该具备的素质，包括：

• 1.从全球角度考虑问题；
• 2.把握最佳机会；
• 3.创造和分享共同理想；
• 4.培养及重用人才；
• 5.尊重文化差异和个性；
• 6.建立团队意识和伙伴关系；
• 7.锐意改革，突破传统习惯领域；
• 8.通晓技术，重视知识；
• 9.鼓励赋予建设性的挑战和创新；
• 10.确保顾客满意和员工开心；
• 11.取得有竞争力的优势；
• 12.显示个人的领导才能；
• 13.与领导层通力合作以及有正确的价值观；
• 14.分辨主次的能力；
• 15.诚恳听取他人意见和显示自信；
• 16.非凡的沟通能力。

我觉得这些都不过时，今天拿过来还可以用。但二十年来，有多少企业家是按照这样的素质去修炼自己的呢？再比如20年前也有人分析中国企业的十大趋势，包括：

• 趋势1. 产权结构将走向多元化
• 趋势2. 企业文化将成为核心竞争力
• 趋势3. 更加注意企业形象和品牌的塑造
• 趋势4.将从传统管理转向战略经营
• 趋势5.员工的收入从单一方式转向多种方式相结合
• 趋势6.物流将占据越来越重要的地位
• 趋势7. 国际贸易与国际投资相结合
• 趋势8.企业家选择方式市场化
• 趋势9. 生产经营、市场经营与资本经营相结合
• 趋势10. 虚拟企业将大量涌现。

这些我也觉得没有过时。有多少企业是顺应这些趋势而成长起来的呢？或者有多少人在二十年前真正相信了这些预测或观点呢？这些东西告诉我们的是什么？任正非在这个问题上的认识值得我们反思，还是要向发达国家学习！我们要向谁学习？詹姆斯·柯林斯的《基业长青》，估计很多人看过这本书，我不知道有多少人还记得这本书的观点和证据。主要观点包括：CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

“造钟，不是报时（无需伟大构想）；超越利润的追求（务实的理想主义者与正确的理念）；追求进步的驱动力（保存核心能力与激发进步）；胆大包天的目标（高远）；宗教般的文化（高标准严要求）；优胜劣汰的进化（坚守核心理念而不是业务）；自家成长的经理人（板凳队员）；永不满足的机制（永远奋斗）；以终为始（永无止境）。”

我不需要在这里进一步解释这些概念或观点。1994年出这本书的时候，是总结了18家成功的企业和18家没有成功的企业。从源头开始，通过做对比研究得出的结论。要解释成功的逻辑，必须提供正反两方面的证据：成功的企业是这样做的，没有这样做的企业没成功，这才能证明这些做做法的有效性。你只拿着华为成功的东西来说这可以成功，还必须找到没有像华为这样做的企业没成功，这是实证研究的基本逻辑。《基业长青》是这样论证的，但是从历史上只找到了18家。其实在这之前，1984年的时候因为日本经济的崛起，美国企业面临着挑战，企业文化兴起的时候，已经有彼得斯的《追求卓越》，这本书翻译了三个不同的版本。我强烈建议大家，如果真想读书的话，这些书恰恰是应该读的。我们走不过这个坎去，得补这一课。CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

《追求卓越》的主要观点是：崇尚行动；贴近顾客；以人为本；自主和创业精神；价值驱动；坚持本业；精简机构；宽严并济。这些都不过时。其中“坚持本业”，本业是什么？取决于你的信念，你的逻辑，你是通过打造核心竞争力，还是通过扩张？通过市场、产品，还是通过管理模式来打造和保持企业的竞争力或不断成长？

 三十年前的研究表明，高瞻远瞩的公司，往往都有四个特征：努力工作，精益求精、努力奋斗；永无休止地努力工作，追求进步和持续努力奋斗；没有捷径、没有魔法、没有旁门；想要建立高瞻远瞩的公司，必须准备长期艰苦奋斗。关于长期艰苦奋斗，企业家对此可谓是英雄所见略同。显然，华为提倡的艰苦奋斗，不是偶然的，也不是首创的。而是顺应了企业成长的规律，或者说，是企业家的远见卓识。显然，这些几十年前的结论，并没有过时，对我们今天的管理依然有启发甚至指导意义。问题是，我们是否相信这些结论了？我们是否实践这些观点了？我们是否坚守这些实践了？CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

二、在逆境中，企业家最需要什么？

在逆境中，企业家最需要坚守。在逆境的时候，这是毫无疑问的，不管因为什么原因，政治的、经济的、国际的……在这个时候，对于我们来说，需要这个东西。它不是简单的坚守产业方向的问题，目标的问题，产品的问题、制度的问题、文化的问题可能都在里头。我简单概括为四个方面：

• 坚定的信念
• 坚强的意志
• 坚实的信心
• 坚守的勇气

这四个方面都可以从两个角度做出解释。一个角度就是我们老祖宗的解释。我们从古典文献里，从生活中，都能找到持之以恒，头悬梁锥刺骨的故事。陶渊明东篱采菊，坚守一份自适；李太白醉酒狂歌，坚守一份狂傲；杜子美茅屋疾呼，坚守一份关怀；托尔斯泰，高龄出走，坚守一份朴素的心灵，平民的情感……我们对“穷且益坚，不坠青云之志”这句话都很熟悉。青云之志不是为了自己的利益，而是为了社会或他人的利益。科学研究表明，“守卫者”是真正的利他主义者，非常善良，对于相信的人和事物非常慷慨而富有激情。这些逻辑从实践角度也能看到。

这是一张剧照，但它更是历史事实。年轻人或许会说，他们“干嘛送死啊”。不在彼时彼境，谁都没有资格说得起这个话。很多军人是“在茫茫黑暗中，把自己的心拿出来点燃，用微光照亮队伍前行。”这是克劳塞维茨的话。还有更精辟的话，那是毛泽东主席说的，“往往有这种情形，有利的情况和主动的恢复，产生于‘再坚持一下’的努力之中。”我最早知道这个话，是现代京剧《平原作战》那个主人翁说的。这些闪耀着人类智慧火花的来自实践的经验总结，这些提倡为了美好理想而不惜付出生命坚守阵地的思想，无论在什么时代，都不会过时。华为的口号“没有退路就是胜利之路”就是新时代对于坚持不懈的最好注解。任正非的解释斩钉截铁：华为别无选择，只有义无反顾。CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

  华为的《人力资源2.0》和黄卫伟老师主编的《以奋斗者为本》出来的时候，有人说《华为基本法》过时了，因为华为开始进入终端领域了，现在开始做手机了，而基本法曾经强调的“永不进入信息服务领域”过时了。如果这样去解读，可能太肤浅了。理解任正非，理解《华为基本法》，要往更深走，不进入什么领域是业务方向或产品的选择，这是可以改变的；而“永不”这个术语表达的是一个理念，不是针对某个产品或产业，而是一种信念，是华为做事情的原则、风格和方法，这些东西没有变，持之以恒没有变，压强原则没有变，力出一孔没有变。

我特别敬佩的一个人是褚时建。他被保释出来的时候70多岁了，他们没有想如何养老，他还去打拼，试图探索新的农业模式，甚至住在橙园里面去。我相信他不是为了生活，他还不至于找不到一个舒适的地方去住吧。他要打造一个橙子王国，要培育出属于自己品牌的果品。因为他有做大事的理想，有必胜的信念。这就是坚守，坚守自己的信念和理想。

三、坚守的内涵

坚守就是不顾攻击、危险或艰难任务的重担,具有持久的刚毅和决心来把握或坚持。守什么？坚守不是保守，也不是固执，不是人云亦云，更不是随波逐流。坚守什么呢？CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

• 坚守是信念，更是行动
• 坚守是对方向的信心
• 坚守是对目的的恒心
• 坚守是对结果的耐心
• 坚守是万众一心
• 坚守是不断革故鼎新
• 坚守是不为所动
• 坚守是英雄主义
• 坚守是任凭风吹浪打，我自闲庭信步

又一个证据是，吴春波老师刚才也特别强调了英雄主义，我们又是不谋而合。因为当大家都在动摇的时候，站出来就成了英雄，乱世出英雄，英雄一定是与众不同的。再简化一下，坚守可以用四个特征来概括：耐得住寂寞；抵得住诱惑；扛得住压力；放得下所得。CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

北美有一个企业家联合会，不定期地组织商务圆桌会议，讨论经济形势和企业发展问题，其中很多成员都是财富五百的总裁或董事长。三年前，2019年8月份，在加拿大，102位CEO开了一个会，两天的会议最后形成了一个宣言，重新声明公司存在的目的：向客户输送价值；对员工投资；公平公正地对待供应商；支持所在社区；为利益相关者创造长期价值。我看了以后，觉得一点新意都没有，全是老生常谈。不能只考虑赚钱，不能只为了自己；要有长期主义，要承担社会责任。不仅不新鲜，而且有回归的意味！因为这个宣言中所表达的核心思想，中国人在两千年前就已经说了，不要只想着发财，“利而勿利也”！这是法家的思想：想发财吗？不要只想自己发财！这是必须坚守的，钱财是身外之物。

四、如何坚守？做“四心”牌企业家

对于我们来说，这个坚守可能要解决三个关系的问题。一个是我们跟自然的关系，一个是我们跟别人的关系，还有一个是我们跟自己的关系。刚才彭老师说他最近受伤躺在床上，主要是解决跟自己的关系。跟自然的关系叫生态，跟别人的关系叫世态，跟自己的关系叫心态。我作为一个乌龟，生态决定不了，世态改变不了，我能够左右的就是我的心态。摆正自己的位置，知道什么该要，什么不该要，什么能做，什么不能做。

对于企业家来说，怎么去坚守？“四心”蛮重要。这也是我自己做人做事的一些原则。不管什么时候，对自己和自己做的事情有信心；还得持之以恒，有恒心；耐心，不要着急，慢工出细活；最重要的就是善心，勿以善小而不为。只要有善心，及时不成功，及时发布了才，也是问心无愧！如果选错了方向真的挺不好的，再坚持就错了。我称之为“四心”牌的企业家，这样的企业家，可以带出隐形冠军来。这是老子说的：太上，不知有之；其次，亲而誉之。优秀的领导人最好不要让人们知道你的存在。同样道理，儒家的格物致知、修身齐家也是领导者自我修炼的心灵鸡汤。

五、隐形领导者的五个特征

隐形冠军是什么样的？西蒙总结出隐形冠军的特征，是宏大的目标与雄心；十分专注与聚焦；拥有全球化策略；高度重视研发与创新。这些特征，在很大程度上取决于缔造或者领导隐形冠军企业的高层。因此，我提出来，隐形冠军需要隐形领导者。我认为隐形领导者有五个特征。CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

第一，看似矛盾的领导行为。

隐形领导者往往会表现出一些矛盾的领导行为，比如刚才彭老师说的“既要，又要，还要”，这其实往往隐含的是看似矛盾的东西。黄老师前面也分享过任正非的“拧麻花”，在矛盾和冲突中发展，执着稳健，坚韧，精益求精。他们在原则问题上保持权威，把愿景和使命传递给员工；但在日常的细节上非常灵活，适度放权；领导班子的稳定性和延续性非常好，一个领导人可能一干就是十年二十年。CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

第二，个人与目标统一。

事业就是他自己，他自己就是事业。褚时建想挣多少钱？任正非马上80岁的人，还在玩命，他们要干什么？事业就是他自己，他们是信念单一的狂人，致力于使命、愿景和公司。我就是公司，公司就是我。这一定会有不好的地方，我们就不展开说了。这些人跟传教士的共同特点，远比一般的企业经营管理者要多，通俗一下表示，就是具有传教士特征的人。

第三，勇于冒险，逆流而上。

大家都在怎么样的时候，你不要怎么样。创新的本质就是不能人云亦云，随波逐流，要特立独行。当然，不是说特立独行都是创新，不见得都是有意义的、有价值的创新。企业家通过逆流而上，以与同龄人完全不同的方式做事来展示他们的无所畏惧。奥地利经济学家熊彼特将这种类型的企业家描述为逆流而上的人：“ 尚未完成的事情是他们突破的机会。他没有感受到环境的束缚或限制。这种人‘从他周围世界的数据中得出不同的结论，而不是由大量静态经济主体得出的结论’”。CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

第四，从长计议

长期主义也不是今天才有的，自古至今都是成就大事的人所坚守的基本原则。古人说“凡事预则立，不预则废”，“人无远虑，必有近忧”，所表达的都是从长计议，或者长期主义的内涵。这种长期主义，表现在隐形冠军的领导者身上，就是耐力和毅力，他们通常一生或至少几十年都在一家公司度过。这使他们与大公司的首席执行官区分开来，大公司的首席执行官通常每隔几年就从一个公司转到另一个公司。CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

隐形冠军领导者实施的计划和目标往往是由极其长期的战略思维塑造的。由于大多数隐形冠军都没有在证券交易所上市，他们的领导者不会追逐股市分析师特别关注的那种短期结果。因此，隐形冠军在研发上的支出平均是其他公司的两倍。这反映了他们思维的长期性。CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

他们专一而且专注。不仅有耐力，而且有韧性。

第五，鼓舞人心。

最后，他们善于鼓舞人心，不仅用语言，而且用行动，用激情。当大家都看不清楚的时候，你站出来；大家都动摇的时候，你坚定前行，你就成了所谓的领导者，就是身先士卒，以身作则。这往往被定义为耐力的结果，但是耐力在很大程度上取决于你对这个事情的持续努力和激情。只有被激情所驱使，才能坚持不懈，才能打动别人，才能带领众人为了共同的目标而奋斗。

无论是数字时代，还是硅基时代，无论我们用什么词汇去描述今天的特征或未来的趋势，作为逆境中的企业家，所要具备的特征，都是我们平常所说的人品方面的特点——毅力、坚持、乐观、好奇、热情、善良、感恩等等。古今中外，概莫能外。CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

最后概括一下。逆境中的企业家应该有积极向上的信念、应该有高远利他的追求、应该有永不放弃的决心、应该有自省吾身的觉悟，舍我其谁的担当，有毫不松懈的坚持。

最后闷头做吧，用乌龟的精神去经营。也许有一天我们也不会成功，但是我们可以自豪地说，我曾经付出过！谢谢大家！CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

英语翻译：

This morning’s arrangement is very interesting, from the content is very tight logic, typical funnel type, from macro to micro, from society to individuals. From Mr. Peng Jianfeng’s macro, to Mr. Wu Xiaoqiu’s capital governance structure and property rights, to Mr. Wu Chunbo’s organizational ability, to deal with external pressure from an organizational perspective, and to Mr. Huang Weiwei’s logic on enterprise growth, their sharing has ideas, concepts, cases and data, and is of great theoretical value.

They have said all that needs to be said, and I fall into people, from society to organizations to individuals. As the moderator said just now, there seems to be a lot in common in the reports of several of us, all without prior consultation. That’s not surprising. I remember that when Ren Zhengfei and five of us (members of the Huawei Basic Law drafting group) initially talked about letting us into Huawei, there was such a statement. He said: I like you five people, not because each of you are good, each of you have their own ideas, I value more is that you five people have a lot of common things, the power of this team is very scary. This was in 1995. Which means we had a lot in common a long time ago.

This year, for various reasons.

from Jiangsu to Shandong, from Guangdong to Shaanxi, I went to more than 20 large and small enterprises, some do automatic driving software, some do food additives, some do ship repair, some do granite marble, as well as large state-owned enterprises, such as China Construction First Bureau, China Construction Third Bureau, including a very famous listed company in Binzhou, Shandong. 40 billion village enterprises.CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

When I talked to the executives of these companies, because of the problems encountered in the epidemic in recent years, everyone expressed two direct or indirect meanings. One is that the judgment of the future trend is not very accurate, lack of confidence, unknown investment direction, do not know what to do, and do not know where to use this power.

The other is the field of their own business, because the list is not enough, even to their own already doing well in the industry have a little shake. I heard it from my heart when I was having dinner with them, and I think it must be true. So today I’m going to share with you how to stay true to your profession in the face of adversity. In fact, they are platitudes, neither lofty nor systematic logic or theory, I call them gossip, gossip. But the question addressed is our common challenge: What to do when the road ahead seems lost?

First, what does persistence mean?

Let’s start with a video. I’m sure all of you have seen this, because it’s been a long time. But I feel that the ideas or opinions expressed in it are never out of date. Ren Zhengfei used the tortoise to compare Huawei’s spirit of persistence and struggle, he said that Huawei has been foolishly climbing for 25 years, climbing slowly, persevering and persevering. This is the theme I want to share today: Stick to it!CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

Today, Teacher Wu Chunbo and I did not discuss the use of “Shangganling”, he used words, I use photos, although young people may not know the meaning of this photo. Words and photos should express the same meaning!CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

While many people try to be the “pig” on the air, I always feel that I am a turtle. A turtle has a turtle’s way of living, a pig has a pig’s way of living, and a phoenix has a phoenix’s way of living. The tortoise competes with the hare only in the way he is good at, not in the way of changing the track or surpassing. How does a turtle live? I want to say “hold fast.”

When we say hold fast, I believe that because someone holds fast at work, we can sit here.

We have peace today because there were people who knew they could not survive. I like this expression very much: not because there is hope to persevere, but because someone perseveres to see hope. Through their persistence to bring hope to others, this is influence, this is leadership. Thank you Huawei, thank you many, many people who stick to it.CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

Just now when Teacher Wu shared about leadership, I did not use the word, but I want to express the meaning of leadership. Entrepreneurs influence others through persistence. Because stick to it, it is not only your own thing, but also to convey a confidence to others, and this confidence is leadership. In the VUCA era, when everyone is wavering and can’t see clearly, who can stand up bravely and not give in, that person is the so-called leader. Of course, stick to the premise is the right direction. If you choose the wrong direction and persist, you are a fool. So, stick to it, first of all, figure out what to stick to.

There is a lot of information that you can see and get.

A lot of things on social media, in particular, are not very reliable. For example, you can’t find the new world with an old map. How do you get out of the Old World without the old map? It’s not the map’s fault, it’s the difference in how the map is used! Another example is overtaking in a corner. When everyone is talking about overtaking a curve, is life always a curve? What about getting back on the straight? There is also a saying called changing the track, I wonder, after changing the track, the previous track who to run?

When everyone is saying that choice is more important than effort.

I choose a difficult topic for myself, I emphasize effort, because my personal life experience also tells me: choice is conditional, effort is no boundary. Yesterday, I just saw a new report from a middle-aged female professor at the University of Texas at Austin, who led a project to study human fairness and injustice.

She concluded that genes are born with an element of inequity, not a matter of choice. My instincts tell me that people are not created equal. I was born a native turtle, you were born an overseas returnee, old teacher and teacher Huang in Beijing.

I was born in rural Shandong, we entered Beijing to spend 10 years of hard work, adhere to their own choice, and constantly work hard. We are out, to Beijing, but my primary school students, middle school students, there are many want to come out but did not come out. What is equality? I am not complaining, I think we should not complain, complaining is pointless. What we can do is to keep working within our power, persevere, and do our own thing. But today, I found that I was wrong again, my parents are still in Shandong hometown, want me to go back to accompany them. Do I have to hold on? Should I give up?CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

Over the years, new concepts and words have emerged in the field of management.

and I do not recommend that people follow the fashionable concept, because it does not make sense. The old view is not necessarily wrong. For example, twenty years ago, there was a very popular book that summarized the qualities that entrepreneurs should have, including: 1. Think globally; 2. Seize the best opportunities; 3. Create and share common ideals; 4. Cultivate and reuse talents; 5. Respect cultural differences and individuality; 6. Build team spirit and partnership; 7. Forge ahead with reform and break through traditional habits; 8. Understand technology and attach importance to knowledge; 9. Encourage constructive challenge and innovation; 10. Ensure satisfied customers and happy employees; 11. Gain a competitive advantage; 12. Demonstrate personal leadership skills; 13. Work well with leadership and have the right values; 14. Ability to distinguish priorities from priorities; 15. Sincerely listen to others and show confidence; 16. Excellent communication skills.

I don’t think these are out of date. I can still use them today. But in the past 20 years, how many entrepreneurs have cultivated themselves according to such qualities? For example, 20 years ago, some people also analyzed the ten trends of Chinese enterprises, including: trend 1. Property rights structure will be diversified trend 2.

Corporate culture will become the core competitiveness trend 3. Pay more attention to the shaping trend of corporate image and brand 4. The trend of shifting from traditional management to strategic management 5. The trend of employee income from a single way to a combination of multiple ways 6. Logistics will occupy an increasingly important position trend 7. The combination of international trade and international investment trend 8. The trend of marketization in the way entrepreneurs choose 9. The trend of the combination of production and operation, market operation and capital operation 10. Virtual enterprises will proliferate.

I don’t think these are outdated either.

How many companies have grown in response to these trends? Or how many people actually believed these predictions or opinions twenty years ago? What do these things tell us? Ren Zhengfei’s understanding on this issue deserves our reflection, or we should learn from developed countries! Who do we learn from? “Built to Last” by James Collins, which I’m sure a lot of people have read, but I don’t know how many people remember the ideas and the evidence. Key points include:CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

“Making a bell, not telling the time (no great idea needed); The pursuit of more than profit (pragmatic idealists and right ideas); The driving force for progress (preserving core competencies and stimulating progress); Bold goals (lofty); Religious-like culture (high standards); Evolution of survival of the fittest (sticking to core ideas rather than the business); Home-grown managers (bench players); An insatiable mechanism (always striving); Start with the end.”

I do not need to explain these concepts or ideas further here.

When the book was published in 1994, it was a summary of 18 successful companies and 18 unsuccessful companies. Start at the source, by doing a comparative study of the conclusion. To explain the logic of success, it is necessary to provide both positive and negative evidence: that successful companies do it, and that companies that do not do it do not succeed, which proves the effectiveness of these practices.

If you only take what Huawei has been successful to say that this can be successful, you must also find that enterprises that have not done so have not succeeded, which is the basic logic of empirical research. “Built to Last” argues so, but only 18 have been found in history. In fact, before that, in 1984, when American companies faced challenges due to the rise of the Japanese economy and the rise of corporate culture, there was already Peters’ “The Pursuit of Excellence,” which was translated into three different versions. I strongly suggest that if you really want to read books, these are exactly the books you should read. We can’t get over this. We have to learn this lesson.CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

The main points of Pursuing Excellence are: advocating action; Close to customers; People-oriented; Autonomy and entrepreneurship; Value-driven; Stick to the profession; Streamlining the organization; Lenient and strict with relief. None of this is out of date. Among them, “stick to the business”, what is the business? Depending on your beliefs, your logic, do you build your core competencies, or do you expand? To build and maintain the competitiveness or continuous growth of the company through the market, the product, or the management model?

Thirty years ago, research showed that visionary companies tend to have four

What do entrepreneurs need most in times of adversity?

In times of adversity, entrepreneurs need to persevere the most. In times of adversity, there is no doubt about that, for whatever reason, political, economic, international… At this time, for us, this thing is needed. It is not a simple matter of adhering to the direction of the industry, the problem of goals, product problems, system problems, and cultural problems may be in it. I will briefly summarize in four aspects:CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

Firm belief

Strong will

Solid confidence

Courage to persist

Each of these four aspects can be explained from two perspectives. One Angle is the interpretation of our ancestors. In the classical literature, in life, we can find the story of perseverance, the head and the bone. Tao Yuanming picked chrysanthemums in the east hedge, sticking to a self-fit; Li Taibai drunken crazy song, adhere to a proud; Du Zi Mei hut cry, adhere to a care; Tolstoy, aged away, adhere to a simple mind, civilian emotions… We are all familiar with the saying, “poor and strong, never fall.” Qingyun’s ambition is not for their own interests, but for the interests of society or others. Scientific studies have shown that “guardians” are true altruists, very kind, and very generous and passionate about the people and things they believe in. This logic can also be seen from a practical perspective.

It’s a still, but it’s more of a historical fact.

Young people may say, “Why are they dying?” Not at that time and place, no one is qualified to say this. Many soldiers are “in the vast darkness, put their hearts out to light, with the dim light to illuminate the march.” These are Clausewitz’s words. I first know this saying, is the modern Beijing Opera “plain War” the master said. These shining sparks of human wisdom from the practice of the summary of experience, these advocate for the good ideals at the cost of life to hold the position of the idea, no matter what era, will not be outdated. Huawei’s slogan “No way back is the road to victory” is the best explanation for perseverance in the new era. Ren Zhengfei’s explanation is clear: Huawei has no choice but to go ahead.CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

When Huawei’s “Human Resources 2.0” and the “Striver-based” edited by Mr. Huang Weiwei came out.

Some people said that the Huawei Basic Law was outdated, because Huawei began to enter the field of terminals, and now it has begun to make mobile phones, and the Basic Law once emphasized that “never enter the field of information services” is outdated. If this interpretation, may be too superficial. Understanding Ren Zhengfei, understanding the Basic Law of Huawei, to go deeper, do not enter into what is the business direction or product choice, this can be changed; The term “never” expresses an idea, not for a product or industry, but a belief, is Huawei’s principle, style and method of doing things, these things have not changed, perseverance has not changed, the pressure principle has not changed, and the force out of a hole has not changed.CXCXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cnO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

One person I particularly admire is Chu Shijian. He was in his 70s when he was released on bail, and they had no idea how to retire, and he was struggling, trying to explore new agricultural models, even living in an orange orchard. I’m sure he didn’t do it for a living, and he wouldn’t be unable to find a comfortable place to live. He wants to build a kingdom of oranges and cultivate his own brand of fruit. Because he has the ideal to do great things, has the belief to win. This is to stick to your beliefs and ideals.

Third, the connotation of adherence

Persistence is the enduring fortitude and determination to grasp or hold on regardless of the burden of attack, danger, or difficult task. Guard what? Adherence is not conservative, nor stubborn, not to follow the crowd, not to go with the flow.

Stick to what?C

Persistence is faith, but also action

Persistence is confidence in the direction

Persistence is perseverance to the purpose

Persistence is patience with results

Perseverance is one heart

Persistence is continuous innovation

Stick is unmoved

Persistence is heroism

Stick is let the wind blow, I wander from the court

Another proof is that Teacher Wu Chunbo has also emphasized heroism just now.

And we happen to coincide. Because when everyone is wavering, stand up and become a hero, heroes in troubled times, heroes must be different. To simplify, persistence can be summarized by four characteristics: tolerance of loneliness; Resist temptation; Can withstand pressure; I can afford what I get.CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

There is a federation of entrepreneurs in North America that occasionally organizes business roundtables to discuss the economic situation and business development, and many of its members are Fortune 500 presidents or chairmen.

Three years ago, in August 2019, in Canada, 102 ceos met for a two-day meeting that resulted in a manifesto that restated the purpose of the company’s existence: delivering value to customers; Investing in employees; Treat suppliers fairly and impartially; Support your community; Create long-term value for stakeholders. After I read it, I found nothing new, it was all a cliche. Don’t just think about making money, don’t just for yourself; We must be long-term minded and assume social responsibility. Not only is it not new, but it has the meaning of returning! Because the core idea expressed in this declaration, the Chinese people have said 2,000 years ago, don’t just think about getting rich, “not profit”! This is legalist thinking: Want to get rich? Don’t just think about getting rich! This must be held fast, money is a foreign thing.

Four, how to stick? Be a “four heart” brand entrepreneur

For us, this persistence may solve three relationship problems. One is our relationship with nature, one is our relationship with others, and one is our relationship with ourselves. Just now Mr. Peng said that he was lying in bed with injuries recently, mainly to solve the relationship with himself. The relationship with nature is called ecology, the relationship with others is called the state of the world, and the relationship with oneself is called mentality. I as a turtle, ecology can not decide, the state of the world can not change, I can control is my mentality. Put yourself in your place and know what to do, what not to do, what to do and what not to do.CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

For entrepreneurs, how to stick to? “Four hearts” is very important. These are also some of my own principles of conduct. Have confidence in yourself and what you do at all times; We must persevere and have perseverance; Patience, don’t worry, slow work makes fine work; The most important thing is to have a good heart, not to do a small good.

As long as there is a good heart, timely failure, timely release of talent, but also a clear conscience! If you choose the wrong direction is really very bad, then insist on the wrong. I call it the “four hearts” brand of entrepreneurs, such entrepreneurs can bring out the hidden champion. This is what Lao Tzu said: too much, do not know there is; Second, you love and praise them. The best leaders don’t let people know you exist. In the same way, the Confucian philosophy of knowledge and self-cultivation is also the spiritual chicken soup for leaders to cultivate themselves.

Five characteristics of Invisible leaders

What does an invisible champion look like? Simon concluded that the characteristics of hidden champions are grand goals and ambitions; Very focused and focused; Have a global strategy; Attach great importance to R&D and innovation. These characteristics depend in large part on the people at the top who create or lead hidden champions. Therefore, I propose that invisible champions need invisible leaders. I think there are five characteristics of an invisible leader.CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

First, seemingly contradictory leadership behavior.

Invisible leaders often show some contradictory leadership behaviors, such as Teacher Peng said just now, “both, and also, but also”, which in fact often implies seemingly contradictory things. Mr. Huang also shared Ren Zhengfei’s “twist flower” in front of him, developing in contradiction and conflict, persistent and steady, tenacious, and striving for excellence. They maintain authority on issues of principle and communicate vision and mission to employees; But in the daily details of the very flexible, moderate decentralization; The stability and continuity of the leadership team is very good, and a leader may work for ten or twenty years.CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

Second, the unity of individual and goal.

The cause is him, and he is the cause. How much does Chu want to earn? Ren Zhengfei soon 80 years old people, still playing with their lives, what are they going to do? The cause is who he is; they are mono-minded maniacs dedicated to mission, vision, and company. I am the company, and the company is me. There’s got to be a downside to this, so we won’t go into it. The common characteristics of these people and missionaries are far more than that of ordinary business managers, which is to say that people with missionary characteristics.CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

Third, take risks and swim upstream.

When everyone is how, you don’t want to be how. The essence of innovation is not to follow the crowd, go with the flow, to be unique. Of course, it does not mean that all mavericks are innovations, not necessarily meaningful and valuable innovations. Entrepreneurs demonstrate their fearlessness by going upstream and doing things in a completely different way than their peers. The Austrian economist Joseph Schumpeter described this type of entrepreneur as someone who swims upstream: “What is not yet done is their opportunity to break through.” He doesn’t feel constrained or limited by his environment. Such a person “draws different conclusions from the data of the world around him than from a large number of static economic agents.”CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

Fourth, take the long view

Nor is long-termism a new phenomenon; it has been a fundamental principle upheld by those who have achieved great things since ancient times. The ancients said, “Forethought makes success, and unforethought makes failure”, “no one is far away, there will be near-term worries”, which expressed the connotation of long-term thinking, or long-term doctrine. This long-termism, manifested in the leaders of invisible champions, is stamina and perseverance, and they usually spend their entire lives or at least decades at one company. This sets them apart from the ceos of large companies, who typically move from one company to another every few years.CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

The plans and goals implemented by hidden champion leaders are often shaped by extremely long-term strategic thinking. Since most hidden champions aren’t listed on the stock exchange, their leaders don’t chase the kind of short-term results that stock market analysts pay special attention to. As a result, Stealth Champions spend on average twice as much on research and development as other companies. This reflects the long-term nature of their thinking.

They are single-minded and focused. Not only endurance, but toughness.

Fifth, inspire.

Finally, they are good at inspiring people, not only with words, but also with actions, with passion. When no one can see clearly, you stand up; When everyone is wavering, you move forward firmly, and you become a so-called leader, that is, lead by example. This is often defined as a result of endurance, but endurance depends largely on your continued effort and passion for the matter. Only by being driven by passion can we persevere, can we move others, and can we lead others to fight for a common goal.

Whether it is the digital age, or the silicon-based era, no matter what words we use to describe the characteristics of today or the trends of the future, as an entrepreneur in adversity, the characteristics to have are what we usually call character characteristics – perseverance, persistence, optimism, curiosity, enthusiasm, kindness, gratitude, and so on. At all times, at home and abroad, there is no exception.CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

Finally, a summary. Entrepreneurs in adversity should have positive beliefs, should have the pursuit of high altruism, should have the determination to never give up, should have the consciousness of introspection, give up my responsibility, there is no slack in persistence.

Do it in the end, with the spirit of the turtle to manage. Maybe one day we will not succeed, but we can be proud to say that I have paid!CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

Thank you all!CXO UNION CXO联盟 cxounion.cn

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