【访谈】伏羲智库创始人李晓东：物流、能源、信息三大基础设施是推动经济发展的根本

在第三届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛，中国宣布支持高质量共建“一带一路”八项行动，引领共建“一带一路”迈上高质量发展新台阶。八项行动中，扩大数字产品等市场准入，深化国有企业、数字经济、知识产权、政府采购等领域改革，每年举办“全球数字贸易博览会”，发布全球人工智能治理倡议等，多次提到关于数字信息等相关内容，这些表述释放了哪些信号？

近日，伏羲智库创始人、中科院计算所研究员、中国数字经济50人论坛委员、清华大学互联网治理研究中心主任李晓东教授的专访全文如下：CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

Q1：八项行动中关于数字信息的相关内容释放了哪些信号？

李晓东：20多个国家元首、政府首脑、国际组织负责人等出席“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛，中国借助这个平台系统性的提出中国主张，着重强调数字经济、着力促进数字贸易、着实重视人工智能，在包括数据基础设施在内的信息基础设施领域中国将会大有作为。

关于数字经济。在2030碳达峰和2060碳中和的双碳目标下，中国要在2035年基本实现社会主义现代化远景目标和2049年建成富强、民主、文明、和谐的社会主义现代化国家。在这种双向压力下的唯一选择就是数字经济，因为数字经济是一种可以大幅节能减排降碳的绿色高效发展路径。数字经济在两个方面能够大幅降低资源消耗，双叠加降低作用明显：一是能够做有效的供需对接，从“以生产者为中心”转向“以消费者为中心”，避免生产过剩；二是用增量制造替代减量制造，在生产制造过程中，明显降低对自然资源和能源的消耗。

中国选择的数字经济发展道路，能够解决中国的可持续快速发展问题，也能解决“一带一路”上像中国一样追求经济高质量发展但同时还有双向压力的发展中国家的问题。希望“一带一路”国家能够一起选择这条数字经济发展道路，中国也可以贡献自己的发展经验，共享一带一路的合作发展收益。

关于数字贸易。数字贸易涵盖数字技术领域的贸易，但是更重要的是贸易的数字化，所有的贸易都高度依赖信息的传递和汇聚，信息以数据作为载体。CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

数据的形态不一定是数字化的，但是数字化的数据会在时间和空间双维度对贸易产生大幅促进。中国要想把数字贸易做好，同样也在审视自身还有哪些不足之处，之前网信办提出的《规范和促进数据跨境流动规定（征求意见稿）》是与此相关的，这是一个非常积极和务实的信号，彰显了中国在数据领域的敏捷治理能力。

Q2：中国在本届论坛上发布《全球人工智能治理倡议》。据你观察，在人工智能方面，中国和“”一带一路”共建国家有哪些合作可以展望？

李晓东：人工智能是集各种数字技术于大成的系统化能力，包括了算力、算法和数据等方面，数字技术和互联网撑起了人工智能的发展和成熟。虽然，目前国际上对人工智能的发展人为制造了一些壁垒，但是中国具备人工智能产业链条里面的几乎所有能力，包括软件、硬件、芯片、系统服务等，未来会用人工智能驱动数字产业的发展，并推动经济和社会发展的数字化转型，所以中国倡导的是人工智能领域的大力合作。CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

今年火爆的chatGPT在数字技术领域的重要性就像能源领域的核能一样，是本质上的突破，所以引起了国际上的普遍关注和极度追捧。当前，除了算力和算法上的差距之外，虽然中国拥有大量的数据，但是大量高知识密度的数据仍是掌握在西方发达国家手中，数据的跨域共享能力和知识密度水平和美国比还是有比较大的差距。

中国可以在特定的领域，比如可以与“一带一路”国家联合构建数据基础设施，促进数据开放交换、跨域共享，用强项补弱项，促进“一带一路”150多个国家的数据共享，这一定是一个共同发展、多方受益的过程。

Q3：如何看待中国数字经济未来的发展空间？

李晓东：现在中国数字经济占GDP比重大概在40%，相比欧美发达国家还是有差距，但是中国在基础设施领域具有良好的发展基础，应该着力发挥优势，特别是信息基础设施领域。

大家常说三大基础设施，第一是交通物流领域，第二是能源传输领域，第三是信息网络领域，中国在这三大基础设施都具有强大基础：在物流基础设施领域，高速公路和高速铁路总里程世界第一；在能源基础设施领域，中国的水风光再生能源装机规模和特高压混合电网全球第一；在信息基础设施领域，中国已经建成全球规模最大的光纤和移动宽带网络，所有城市城区5G全覆盖。三大基础设施是推动经济发展的根本，三者之间融合发展，信息基础设施伴随能源基础设施发展，能源基础设施协同物流基础设施部署，数字技术又全面促进能源基础设施和物流基础设施的发展，中国的智能电网和智慧物流全球领先。

这三大基础设施的融合发展会推动未来的很多创新，比如新能源智能网联汽车将成为重要的城市基础设施，既是物流基础设施的核心组成部分，也是能源基础设施的重要储能平台，更可能成为信息基础设施的边端计算系统。中国新能源汽车产销全球销量占比超过六成，连续八年全球第一。CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

翻译：

Li Xiaodong, founder of Fuxi Think Tank: The three major infrastructures of logistics, energy and information are fundamental to promote economic development

At the Third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, China announced eight actions to support high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, leading the Belt and Road cooperation to a new level of high-quality development. Among the eight actions, expanding market access for digital products, deepening reforms in the fields of State-owned enterprises, digital economy, intellectual property rights, and government procurement, holding the “Global Digital Trade Expo” every year, releasing the Global artificial intelligence governance Initiative, etc., repeatedly mentioning digital information and other related content, what signals are released by these statements?

Recently, Professor Li Xiaodong, founder of the Fuxi Think Tank, researcher of the Institute of Computing Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, member of the China Digital Economy 50 Forum, and director of the Internet Governance Research Center of Tsinghua University, accepted an interview with Caixin. The full text is as follows:CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

Q1: What signals do the content of the eight actions on digital information send out?

Li Xiaodong: More than 20 heads of state and government and heads of international organizations attended the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation. With the help of this platform, China systematically put forward its own proposals, focusing on the digital economy, promoting digital trade, and paying real attention to artificial intelligence, China will make great achievements in the field of information infrastructure, including data infrastructure.

About the digital economy. Under the two-carbon goal of peaking carbon in 2030 and carbon neutrality in 2060, China will basically realize the vision of socialist modernization by 2035 and build itself into a prosperous, democratic, civilized and harmonious modern socialist country by 2049. Under this two-way pressure, the only choice is the digital economy, because the digital economy is a green and efficient development path that can greatly save energy, reduce emissions and reduce carbon. The digital economy can significantly reduce resource consumption in two aspects, and the double-superposition reduction effect is obvious: first, it can effectively connect supply and demand, shift from “producer-centered” to “consumer-centered”, and avoid overproduction; The second is to replace reduced manufacturing with incremental manufacturing, and significantly reduce the consumption of natural resources and energy in the production and manufacturing process.CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

The digital economic development path chosen by China can solve the problem of China’s sustainable and rapid development

The digital economic development path chosen by China can solve the problem of China’s sustainable and rapid development, and also solve the problem of developing countries on the “Belt and Road” that pursue high-quality economic development like China, but also have two-way pressure. It is hoped that the “Belt and Road” countries can jointly choose this digital economic development path, and China can also contribute its own development experience and share the benefits of cooperation and development of the Belt and Road.

About digital trade. Digital trade covers the trade in the field of digital technology. But more importantly, the digitalization of trade. All trade is highly dependent on the transmission and aggregation of information, information as the carrier of data.

The form of data is not necessarily digital, but digital data will greatly promote trade in both time and space. If China wants to do a good job in digital trade, it is also looking at its own shortcomings. And the “Regulations on regulating and promoting cross-border Flow of Data (Draft for comments)” proposed by the CAC is related to this, which is a very positive and pragmatic signal, highlighting China’s agile governance ability in the data field.CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

Q2: China released the Global Artificial Intelligence Governance Initiative at this forum. According to your observation, in terms of artificial intelligence, what kind of cooperation can be expected between China and the countries jointly building the “Belt and Road”?

Li Xiaodong: Artificial intelligence is a systematic ability that integrates various digital technologies into Dacheng. Including computing power, algorithms and data, etc. Digital technology and the Internet support the development and maturity of artificial intelligence. Although there are some artificial barriers to the development of artificial intelligence in the world. China has almost all the capabilities of the artificial intelligence industrial chain. Including software, hardware, chips, system services, etc. And will use artificial intelligence to drive the development of the digital industry and promote the digital transformation of economic and social development in the future. So what China is advocating is strong cooperation in the field of artificial intelligence.

This year’s hot chatGPT is as important in the field of digital technology as nuclear energy in the field of energy, which is essentially a breakthrough. So it has attracted widespread international attention and extremely sought after. At present, in addition to the gap in computing power and algorithms, although China has a large amount of data. A large amount of data with high knowledge density is still in the hands of Western developed countries. And the cross-domain sharing ability and knowledge density level of data are still a relatively large gap compared with the United States.

China can jointly build data infrastructure with “Belt and Road” countries in specific areas. For example, promote open data exchange and cross-domain sharing, use strengths to compensate for weaknesses, and promote data sharing among more than 150 “Belt and Road” countries. This is definitely a process of common development and multi-party benefits.CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

Q3: How do you view the future development space of China’s digital economy?

Li Xiaodong: At present, China’s digital economy accounts for about 40% of GDP. Which is still far behind that of developed countries in Europe and the United States. However, China has a good foundation for development in the field of infrastructure. And should strive to give full play to its advantages, especially in the field of information infrastructure.

We often talk about the three major infrastructures,

The first is transportation and logistics, the second is energy transmission, and the third is information network. China has a strong foundation in these three infrastructures:. In logistics infrastructure, the total mileage of expressways and high-speed railways ranks first in the world. In the field of energy infrastructure, China’s hydropower renewable energy installed capacity and UHV hybrid grid first in the world. In the field of information infrastructure, China has built the world’s largest optical fiber and mobile broadband network, with full 5G coverage in all urban areas. The three infrastructures are fundamental to promote economic development, the integration of the three, information infrastructure accompanied by the development of energy infrastructure, energy infrastructure coordinated logistics infrastructure deployment, digital technology and comprehensively promote the development of energy infrastructure and logistics infrastructure. China’s smart grid and smart logistics leading the world.CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

The integrated development of these three infrastructures will promote a lot of innovation in the future. Such as new energy intelligent connected vehicles will become an important urban infrastructure. Not only a core component of logistics infrastructure. But also an important energy storage platform of energy infrastructure. And more likely to become the side computing system of information infrastructure. China’s new energy vehicle production and sales accounted for more than 60% of global sales, ranking first in the world for eight consecutive years.

由CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）转载而成，来源于伏羲智库；编辑/翻译：CXO UNIONCXO联盟小U。

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