【观点】安筱鹏：数字原生企业的崛起

过去几年，云计算、AI、IoT等新技术的融合创新，正在构建新的数字基础设施，开启了新一轮企业组织形态的重构和再生。自此，数字时代的原住民——“数字原生企业”快速崛起，成为全球企业数字化的新范式。

时代变迁的车轮滚滚向前。回顾人类社会发展史，每一次产业技术革命浪潮的演进，都伴随着新一代基础设施的升级和普及。这是一个“人、物、组织”都不断被重新定义的过程，旧的形态要么死去、要么被迫“转型”，而与时代同频共振的形态叫做“原生”，历经风雨洗礼，终将成为时代主流。进入数字化时代，云计算、AI、IoT等多种数字技术竞相迸发、交织融合，共同构建起一个新的数字基础设施，通过“算力+数据+算法”的强大变革力量，开启了新一轮企业组织形态的重构和再生。自此，数字时代的原住民——“数字原生企业”快速崛起，成为全球企业数字化的新范式。

一、一次产业革命，一代基础设施，一批原生企业

原生（Native）就是土生土长。每一次产业技术的兴起，均产生一组协同作用、相互依赖的产业以及一个或更多的基础设施网络，带来传统利益格局、产业体系、制度文化的重构，并催生出一批基于新基础设施的时代企业，这些企业是当时基础设施的“原生企业”。英国学者佩蕾斯对工业时代“技术—经济范式”的迁移进行了系统论述。

第一次产业技术革命在英国打开了机械化大门，工厂生产，机械化加工，生产效率得到提高。世界正在逐渐变“大”。

第二次产业技术革命，铁轨铁路、普遍邮政服务、电报业、大型港口等一批基础设施得以更新和建设。世界正在逐渐变“快”。

第三次产业技术革命萌发于1875年，世界范围的铁路逐渐铺开，大型桥梁和隧道，世界范围的电话、电报、电力网络成了新的基础设施。世界正在逐渐变“小”。

第四次产业技术革命肇始于1908年，新的技术—经济范式出现，大规模生产，大众化市场，产品实现标准化，基于石油的能源密集型组织占据核心。世界正在逐渐变“重”。

第五次产业技术革命开始于1971年，信息密集型组织成为赢家，知识成为资本，无处不在的网络结构，市场更加细分，分化更加严重。世界正在逐渐变“轻”。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

二、数字原生时代：从“电原生”到“数字原生”

从百年尺度看，我们正在从“电原生”迈向“数字原生”。

所谓“电原生”，是指基于“电力”这一基础设施才有的各类产品形态。而数字原生，就是因数字基础设施而逐渐成熟的软件、硬件、架构，共同加速数字生产力释放，加快业务应用的迭代速度，推动业务创新。

今天，以云计算为代表的新型数字基础设施，大概相当于当年电力发展的早期，很多方面正在加速体系化。所以，未来的十年或者更长的时间是一个新型数字基础设施的“安装期”。企业原有的运营底座由于云计算、AI等新技术而不断被数字化，形成更加高效的基础设施。这个更高效的基础设施，不断地切换和升级原来所有企业所依赖的基础设施。

三、重新定义企业：“数字原生企业”加速崛起

过去几年，云计算、AI、IoT等新技术的融合创新，正在构建新的数字基础设施，在这一数字化基因比较肥沃的土壤上，正茁壮成长孵化出一批高速发展、创新活力十足的新兴企业，如树根互联、涂鸦智能、蘑菇物联、黑湖科技，以及元气森林、三顿半、认养一头牛等，这些企业称为“数字原生企业”。

数字原生企业是基于“云原生”为代表的新型数字基础设施进行运营、管理、创新、发展的企业，关键在于构建基于新型数字基础设施的业务架构和组织架构，并以此更新其商业模式和决策机制，具有高速成长、敏感响应、快速迭代的发展特点，成为引领企业数智化的时代风向标。所谓“云原生”，就是因云而生的软件、硬件、架构，包括云原生数据库、云原生OS、云原生芯片、云原生网络等，云原生正在重构整个ICT技术架构和技术体系。今天，技术层面的云原生已经升维到商业层面——“数字原生企业”。未来，每一个企业都将是“数字原生企业”，都将运行在新的数字基础设施之上。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

从发展模式看，数字原生企业拥有三个典型的特质：

1、数字原生企业是客户运营商。当下是一个消费需求巨变的时代。个性化、实时化、场景化、内容化、互动化是其主要特征。未来企业面临最大的挑战就是如何面临消费者主权的崛起，新的00后、95后他们对需求已经从碎片化到了粉尘期，由此产生了无所不在的消费场，产生了“内容+互动”的消费者新连接。如何面对需求的剧变？所有企业都要转型成为客户运营商。客户运营商的关键：一是能够实时洞察消费者需求，二是能够实时满足消费者的需求。

2、数字原生企业生长在以“云端”为代表的新型数字基础设施上。今天的数字化在本质上是两场革命：一个是工具革命，一个是决策革命。今天我们的生产车间有先进的设备，比如数控机床、AGV小车等待，非常先进和智能，但这是看得见的“数智化”。今天，更为重要的是看不见的“数智化”，也就是决策革命。这场革命是构建在云计算、AI、IoT等新型数字基础设施之上，真正实现IT、OT、AT的有机融合，本质是“数据驱动+资源配置全局优化”。在数据流动的每个环节,只要有人参与,就意味着效率衰减，而在数字原生企业内部，大量的数据信息在需求、设计、研发、生产、供应链等等每一个环节自由流动，在流动的过程中有无数的闭环，闭环背后在做全局资源优化，只有这样才能有效解决数字化的基本矛盾：企业全局优化的需求和碎片化供给之间的矛盾。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

3、数字原生企业是具有高频竞争力的企业。“消费者主权”崛起后，企化、打样、试销测款、生产交付、门店运营等等，都需要有更高的频率和效率。数字原生企业以快速迭代试错、持续出新为核心手段，依靠数字技术降低探索和创新的试错成本，加速业务敏捷，实现产品的小步快跑、高速迭代。例如“犀牛智造”是阿里巴巴的新制造平台，通过构建需求实时响应、极小化库存以及“100件起订、7天交付”的小单快返新模式，再比如元气森林的研发走的是快速试错的研发路子。以口味为例，内部平均一两天就做一次饮品口味测试，然后快速调整，整个研发周期控制在3-6个月，快的时候3个月就出产品。当感知、分析、判断、执行效率更高的时候，损益就会更少，高频开发与高频创新与低成本试错，最后带来的是更加高频的决策和市场竞争力。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

四、“公共云+AI”成为数字原生企业的创新基础设施

数字原生的核心是“创新”。农业时代创新靠水力，工业时代创新靠电力，数智时代创新靠算力。AI大模型的出现，是通用人工智能发展的重要里程碑，标志着全新的智能化时代已经到来。今天，AI与云计算相互依赖，技术创新和产业化与云计算紧密关联，已经难以分开，特别是公共云的在线化服务模式，能够提供集约化、在线化的算力基础设施，是孵化数字原生企业、助力数字原生企业持续创新的重要基石。

回看过去十年，大家常说这是中国SaaS失去的十年，但也正好是美国一批SaaS企业的快速成长期，大概实现了从1.5万亿美元到2万亿美元的飞跃，而中国的SaaS企业整体市值大概不到1000亿美元。这背后的原因有很多，其中一个重要原因是：“公共云+AI”已经成为数字原生企业的创新基础设施，而中美在“云上创新”的差距却在不断地扩大。美国拥有一个强大的公共云，它好比是一个自由流动的大海。而中国大部分云算力的输出是通过私有云的方式，它好比是封闭孤立的小湖小泊。美国的SaaS市场规模为1198.7亿美元，中国不到50亿美元。美国的公共云占算力规模的60%，欧盟占50%，而中国只有28%。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

2020年9月17日，一家创立于2012年的Snowflake数据库公司在美国上市，2019年Snowflake的销售不到3.5亿美元，但当时市值超过750亿美元。Snowflake上市是2019年美国IPO融资规模最大公司，也创造了软件公司IPO的最高记录。Snowflake其实就做了一件事，就是在公共云上把数据库重新做了一遍。目前正在从一个云数据库演变为一个一站式的数据管理全生命周期服务平台，这个平台不仅是传统关系型数据库的交易服务，以及数据仓库提供的分析能力，而且建立一个从数据生产到集成、传输到备份、交易到分析、智能化应用和挖掘的一站式数据治理平台。国际咨询公司预测，2023年的时候全球3/4的数据库是跑在云上，Snowflake从创建的时候就是一个面向云、基于云等新型数字基础设施而创建的一家公司，是一个典型的“云上创新”数据库企业。

目前，数字原生企业已经展现出数字技术演变和企业成长的新模式和新趋势。以OpenAI、Snowflake、Palantir等为代表的创新，是一个基于“公共云+AI”的平台型创新体系，面向海量的创新需求，精准地感知和洞察，通过对全球创新资源的广泛连接、高效匹配和动态优化，构建起多主体协作、多资源汇聚、多机制联动的创新生态。我们看到它对数亿的消费者做各种各样的测试，这是产品功能迭代的重要组成部分，是全球数字技术创新的一个特点。

如果说传统企业的数字化转型就像一场学游泳的竞赛一样,有一批教练教它怎么去呼吸、怎么去转身，数字原生企业一出生的时候，就长了一个数字化的“腮”，一出生知道如何用数字化的方式去做决策、产品创新、构建线上线下一体化的数据驱动体系。

数字原生时代已经到来，数字化不是把技术武装到牙齿，而是把技术融入企业的基因，构建数字生产力，开启一场永无止境的数字化、智能化进化之旅。就像数字化时代出现一批“数字原生企业”，智能化时代也必将出现一系列“智能原生企业”。目前的所有不可想象，在未来终将化为寻常。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

翻译：

An Xiaopeng: The rise of digital native enterprises

In the past few years, the convergence and innovation of new technologies such as cloud computing, AI, and IoT are building a new digital infrastructure and opening up a new round of restructuring and regeneration of enterprise organizational forms. Since then, the natives of the digital age – “digital native enterprise” has risen rapidly and become a new paradigm of global enterprise digitalization.

The wheel of changing times rolls forward. Looking back at the history of human society, the evolution of each wave of industrial and technological revolution is accompanied by the upgrading and popularization of a new generation of infrastructure. This is a process in which “people, things, and organizations” are constantly being redefined, and the old forms are either dead or forced to “transform”, while the forms that resonate with The Times are called “original”, and will eventually become the mainstream of The Times after a baptism of wind and rain. Entering the digital era, cloud computing, AI, IoT and other digital technologies are bursting out, interweaving and integrating to jointly build a new digital infrastructure, and through the powerful force of “computing power + data + algorithm”, a new round of restructuring and regeneration of enterprise organizational form has been opened. Since then, the natives of the digital age – “digital native enterprise” has risen rapidly and become a new paradigm of global enterprise digitalization. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

First, an industrial revolution, a generation of infrastructure, a group of native enterprises

“Native” means native. Each rise of industrial technology produces a group of synergistic and interdependent industries and one or more infrastructure networks, bringing about the reconstruction of traditional interest patterns, industrial systems and institutional cultures, and giving birth to a number of era enterprises based on new infrastructure, which are the “native enterprises” of infrastructure at that time. British scholar Perace made a systematic discussion on the transfer of “technology-economy paradigm” in the industrial age.

The first industrial technology revolution in the United Kingdom opened the door to mechanization, factory production, mechanized processing, and production efficiency was improved. The world is getting bigger.

In the second industrial and technological revolution, a number of infrastructure such as railway tracks, universal postal services, telegraph newspapers, and large ports were updated and built. The world is getting faster. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

The third industrial technological revolution began in 1875, when the world’s railroads were gradually rolled out, large Bridges and tunnels, and the world’s telephone, telegraph, and power networks became the new infrastructure. The world is getting smaller.

The fourth industrial technological revolution began in 1908 with the emergence of a new technology-economic paradigm, with mass production, mass markets, product standardization, and petroleum-based energy-intensive organizations at its core. The world is getting heavier.

The fifth industrial technology revolution began in 1971, with information-intensive organizations becoming winners, knowledge becoming capital, ubiquitous network structures, and more segmented and differentiated markets. The world is becoming lighter. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

Second, digital Native Era: From “electronic Native” to “Digital Native”

From the centennial scale, we are moving from “electric native” to “digital native”.

The so-called “electricity” refers to all kinds of product forms based on the infrastructure of “electricity”. Digital native refers to the software, hardware, and architecture that gradually mature due to digital infrastructure, which jointly accelerate the release of digital productivity, accelerate the iterative speed of business applications, and promote business innovation.

Today, the new digital infrastructure represented by cloud computing is roughly equivalent to the early days of electricity development, and many aspects are accelerating systemization. So, the next decade or more is the “installation period” of a new digital infrastructure. The original operating base of enterprises is continuously digitized due to new technologies such as cloud computing and AI, forming a more efficient infrastructure. This more efficient infrastructure continuously switches and upgrades the original infrastructure that all businesses rely on.

Third, redefining the enterprise: The rise of the “digital native enterprise” is accelerating

In the past few years, the integration and innovation of cloud computing, AI, IoT and other new technologies are building new digital infrastructure. On this fertile soil of digital genes, a number of emerging enterprises with rapid development and full of innovative vitality are thriving and incubating, such as Root Interconnection, graffiti intelligence, Mushroom Internet of Things, Black Lake Technology, etc. As well as the vitality of the forest, three and a half, adopt a cow, etc., these enterprises are called “digital native enterprises”. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

A digital-native enterprise is an enterprise that operates, manages, innovates and develops based on the new digital infrastructure represented by “cloud-native”. The key is to build a business structure and organizational structure based on the new digital infrastructure, and update its business model and decision-making mechanism accordingly. It has the characteristics of rapid growth, sensitive response and rapid iteration. Become the era of leading the intelligent enterprise data vane. The so-called “cloud native” is the software, hardware and architecture generated by the cloud, including cloud native database, cloud native OS, cloud native chip, cloud native network, etc. The cloud native is reconstructing the entire ICT technology architecture and technology system. Today, cloud native at the technical level has been upgraded to the commercial level – the “digital native enterprise.” In the future, every business will be “digital native” and will run on a new digital infrastructure.

From the perspective of development model, digital native enterprises have three typical characteristics:

1. Digital native enterprises are customer operators. This is a time of dramatic change in consumer demand. Individuation, real-time, scene, content and interaction are its main characteristics. The biggest challenge facing enterprises in the future is how to face the rise of consumer sovereignty, the new post-00s, post-95s, their demand has been fragmented to the dust period, resulting in ubiquitous consumption field, resulting in a “content + interaction” consumer new connection. How to cope with the dramatic change in demand? All companies need to transform into customer operators. The key of customer operators: one is to be able to gain real-time insight into consumer needs, and the other is to be able to meet consumer needs in real time. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

2. Digital native enterprises grow on the new digital infrastructure represented by the “cloud”. Today’s digitalization is essentially two revolutions: a tool revolution and a decision-making revolution. Today, our production workshop has advanced equipment, such as CNC machine tools, AGV cars, etc., which is very advanced and intelligent, but this is visible “number intelligence”. Today, what is even more important is the invisible “number intelligentization”, that is, the decision-making revolution. This revolution is built on new digital infrastructure such as cloud computing, AI, and IoT, and truly realizes the organic integration of IT, OT, and AT, which is essentially “data-driven + global optimization of resource allocation.” In every link of data flow, as long as there are people involved, it means that efficiency is declining, while in digital native enterprises, a large amount of data information flows freely in every link of demand, design, research and development, production, supply chain, etc. In the process of flow, there are countless closed loops, behind which global resource optimization is done. Only in this way can the basic contradiction of digitalization be effectively solved: The contradiction between the demand for global optimization and the fragmented supply of enterprises.

3. Digital native enterprises are enterprises with high frequency competitiveness. After the rise of “consumer sovereignty”, enterprises, proofing, test marketing, production delivery, store operation, etc., need to have a higher frequency and efficiency. Digital native enterprises take rapid iterative trial and error and continuous innovation as the core means, rely on digital technology to reduce the trial and error cost of exploration and innovation, accelerate business agility, and achieve small steps of product fast running and high-speed iteration. For example, “Rhino intelligent manufacturing” is Alibaba’s new manufacturing platform, through the construction of real-time demand response, minimal inventory and “100 pieces of minimum order, 7 days delivery” of small order fast return new model, and for example, the research and development of Genji Forest is a rapid trial and error research and development way. Take the taste as an example, the internal average one or two days to do a drink taste test, and then quickly adjust, the whole research and development cycle control in 3-6 months, fast time 3 months out of the product. When the perception, analysis, judgment, execution efficiency is higher, the profit and loss will be less, high-frequency development and high-frequency innovation and low-cost trial and error, and finally bring more high-frequency decision-making and market competitiveness.

Fourth, “public cloud +AI” becomes the innovation infrastructure of digital native enterprises

The core of digital native is “innovation.” The innovation in the agricultural age depends on water power, the innovation in the industrial age depends on electricity, and the innovation in the digital intelligence age depends on computing power. The emergence of large AI models is an important milestone in the development of general artificial intelligence, marking the arrival of a new era of intelligence. Today, AI and cloud computing are interdependent, and technological innovation and industrialization are closely related to cloud computing, which is difficult to separate, especially the online service model of public cloud, which can provide intensive and online computing power infrastructure, is an important cornerstone for incubating digital native enterprises and helping digital native enterprises to continue to innovate. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

Looking back at the past decade, we often say that this is the lost decade of Chinese SaaS, but it also happens to be the rapid growth period of a group of SaaS enterprises in the United States, which has roughly achieved a leap from $1.5 trillion to $2 trillion, and the overall market value of Chinese SaaS enterprises is about less than $100 billion. There are many reasons behind this, one of the important reasons is: “public cloud +AI” has become the innovation infrastructure of digital native enterprises, and the gap between China and the United States in “cloud innovation” is constantly widening. The United States has a strong public cloud, which is like a free-flowing sea. And most of China’s cloud computing power output is through the way of private clouds, it is like a closed and isolated small lake. The SaaS market size in the United States is $119.87 billion, while China’s is less than $5 billion. Public cloud accounts for 60% of computing power in the United States, 50% in the European Union, and only 28% in China. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

On September 17, 2020, a Snowflake database company founded in 2012 went public in the United States, with 2019 Snowflake sales of less than $350 million, but a market capitalization of more than $75 billion at the time. The IPO of Snowflake is the largest IPO raised in the United States in 2019, and also set the highest record for a software company IPO. One of the things Snowflake did was redo the database on the public cloud. At present, it is evolving from a cloud database to a one-stop data management lifecycle service platform, which is not only the transaction services of traditional relational databases, as well as the analysis capabilities provided by data warehouses, but also the establishment of a one-stop data governance platform from data production to integration, transmission to backup, transaction to analysis, intelligent application and mining. International consulting companies predict that in 2023, 3/4 of the world’s database is running on the cloud, Snowflake from the time of its creation is a cloud, based on the cloud and other new digital infrastructure to create a company, is a typical “cloud innovation” database enterprise.

At present, digital native enterprises have shown new models and new trends in the evolution of digital technology and enterprise growth. Innovation represented by OpenAI, Snowflake, Palantir, etc., is a platform innovation system based on “public cloud +AI”, facing massive innovation needs, accurate perception and insight, through extensive connection, efficient matching and dynamic optimization of global innovation resources. We will build an innovation ecology featuring multi-agent collaboration, multi-resource pooling and multi-mechanism linkage. We see it doing all kinds of testing on hundreds of millions of consumers, which is an important part of product functionality iteration and a feature of global digital technology innovation. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

If the digital transformation of traditional enterprises is like a competition to learn to swim, there are a number of coaches to teach it how to breathe, how to turn around, when digital native enterprises were born, they have a digital “cheek”, and they know how to use digital ways to make decisions, product innovation, and build a data-driven system that integrates online and offline.

The digital native era has arrived, and digitalization is not to arm technology to the teeth, but to integrate technology into the genes of enterprises, build digital productivity, and open a never-ending journey of digital and intelligent evolution. Just as there are a number of “digital native enterprises” in the digital era, there will also be a series of “intelligent native enterprises” in the intelligent era. What is unthinkable today will eventually become ordinary in the future.

由CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）转载而成，来源于工业互联网世界公众号；编辑/翻译：CXO UNIONCXO联盟小U。

如需加入CXO UNION（CXO联盟）高管社群，请联系社群小伙伴哦~

免责声明: 本网站(http://www.cxounion.cn/)内容主要来自原创、合作媒体供稿和第三方投稿，凡在本网站出现的信息，均仅供参考。本网站将尽力确保所提供信息的准确性及可靠性，但不保证有关资料的准确性及可靠性，读者在使用前请进一步核实，并对任何自主决定的行为负责。本网站对有关资料所引致的错误、不确或遗漏，概不负任何法律责任。

本网站刊载的所有内容(包括但不仅限文字、图片、LOGO、音频、视频、软件、程序等) 版权归原作者所有。任何单位或个人认为本网站中的内容可能涉嫌侵犯其知识产权或存在不实内容时，请及时通知本站，予以删除。