【CEO观点】字节跳动创始人张一鸣:年轻人要尽可能给自己设一个高目标

一、大学里的三点收获

2001年我考入了南开大学，起初大学的生活是让人有点失落的，但慢慢地从安静朴素的校园和踏实努力的氛围中，我还是找到了自己的节奏。大学期间我主要在做三件事情，一是写代码，因为我是搞技术的，二是看书，看了很多很多书，三是修电脑。基于此自己也有三点收获: 耐心，知识，伙伴。

第一点收获:耐心。有耐心，能独处，并基于长期思考做判断，而不为短期因素所干扰，耐心地等待你设想和努力的事情逐步发生，这对创业来说是非常重要的事情。事实上，你经常想象的很美好，设计的也很完整，你也很努力，但你所期待的事情，经常需要很长时间才能发生。这种耐心，绝对是在南开磨练出来的。CXO UNION-CXO联盟cxounion.cn

大学的时候我是怎么面对枯燥的生活?人物传记是非常好的心灵鸡汤。我读了很多人物传记，如果说有收获，就是发现那些伟大的人，在没有成为伟大的人之前，也是过着看起来枯燥的生活，每天都在做一些微不足道的事情，但这些事情最后从点连成线，成就了他们。

我毕业后参与创立了酷讯、饭否、99房、到现在的今日头条，每一段创业经历，都挺寂寞的。现在回想，耐心非常重要，不仅是等待的耐心，还要有耐心做深入思考，还要有耐心地找到更多更好的合作伙伴。

第二点收获:看书。寂寞的大学生活，给了我人生最安静的阅读时光。我用别人打游戏、打牌的时间，阅读了各种各样的书，或者说乱七八糟的书，包括各个专业的书，包括人物传记，也有各种境内外的报刊杂志。CXO UNION-CXO联盟cxounion.cn

当然，那时候，我也有困感，觉得看的这些东西和思考的问题都很有意思，但在生活中没什么用。直到后来我进入与联网行业并开始创业，各种各样的知识才连成线，帮我理解行业、理解管理，更快地掌握不熟悉的领域，包括如何让信息得到更有效率的组织和分发，从而改变各行各业的效率。

2011年，我观察到一个现象，地铁上读报的人、卖报的人越来越少，年初还有，年底几乎没有了，同时，2011年是智能手机出货量的高峰，是2008年、2009年，2010年二年智能手机出货量的总和。我想，这是信息传播个质的变革，手机很可能会取代纸媒成为信息传播的最主要载体，又因为人和手机的对应关系，手机随身携带，个性化推荐的需求一定会增加，于是我创办了今日头条。CXO UNION-CXO联盟cxounion.cn

第三点收获:结交了很多的伙伴。我在读大学的时候结识了很多优秀的同伴。作为一个不怎么参与集体活动的理工男怎么保持社交呢?主要靠修电脑和编程建网站…..后来，同学聚会，打招呼的方式基本是: hi，你的电脑还是我装的。我装过的电脑有几十台，当然大部分是女同学…..不但要帮忙装电脑还要经常保修。没错，就像你们想象的那样，修电脑为我带来了人生重大的收获一一当时的女朋友，现在的太太。

在校园里，我接了不少外包的项目。包括我太太她们系的网站(当然是免费的)。因为这门手艺加上兼职，大四的时候我每月能有超过两三千的收入，在当时，绝对是土豪。那时候，和同学一起泡实验室，熬到半夜一两点，会请大家集体去烤串。一周能吃2-3次。

当时和我吃烧烤的人很多是对编程感兴趣，而且志趣相投的同学朋友，有我同一级的，微电子专业的，软件工程专业的，还有师兄师弟，后来也相继加入我创办的公司，成为了我们公司的技术骨干，也是创业伙伴。CXO UNION-CXO联盟cxounion.cn

二、我的工作感悟

2005 年，我从南开大学毕业，加入一家叫酷讯的公司。我是最早期加入的员工之一，一开始只是一个普通工程师，但在工作第二年，我在公司管了四五十个人的团队，负责所有后端技术，同时也负责很多产品相关的工作。

有人问我:为什么你在第一份工作中就成长很快? 是不是你在那个公司表现特别突出? 其实不是。当时公司招聘标准很高，跟我同期入职的就有两个清华计算机系的博士。那我是不是技术最好?是不是最有经验?都不是。后来我想了想，当时自己有哪些特质。

首先，我工作时，从不分哪些工作是我该做的，哪些不是我该做的。我做完自己的工作后，对于大部分同事的问题，只要我能帮助解决，我都去做。当时，Code Base中大部分代码我都看过。新人入职时，只要我有时间，我都给他讲解遍。通过讲解，我自己也能得到成长。

工作的前两年，我基本上每天都是十二点、一点回家，回家后也编程到挺晚。确实是因为有兴趣，而不是公司有要求.所以我很快从负责一个抽取爬虫的模块，到负责整个后端系统，开始带一个小组，后来带一个小部门，再后来带一个大部门。CXO UNION-CXO联盟cxounion.cn

当时我负责技术，但遇到产品上有问题，也会积极地参与讨论，想产品的方案。很多人说这个不是我该做的事情。但我想说:你的责任心，希望把事情做好的动力，会驱动你做更多事情，让你得到很大的锻炼。

我当时是工程师，但参与产品的经历，对我后来转型做产品有很大帮助。我参与商业的部分，对我现在的工作也有很大帮助。记得在2007年底，我跟公司的销售总监一起去见客户。这段经历让我知道，怎样的销售才是好的销售。当我组建今日头条招人时，这些可供参考的案例，让我在这个领域不会一无所知。CXO UNION-CXO联盟cxounion.cn

三、我的创业初心

我很尊敬Elon Mask，他不仅创办了TESLA，而且还创办了一家叫Space X的公司，目标是革新太空科技，终极目标是人类能够在其他星球生活。

Space X现在是全世界第一家私人向太空发射火箭并实现回收的公司，尽管在前沿领域里不断探索的过程非常艰难，身后甚至连跟随者都没有，但Elon Mask一直相信: 只要理论上能够成立，理论上可以做到最好，那就应该去努力实现它。

我特别欣赏这种追求卓越和领先的勇气。年轻人创业，就是要去创造新的技术，做那些理论上存在但还没有实现的东西，给世界带来根本性的进步。创业，有人想的是要赚笔钱，有人想的则是要做件事，我觉得自己是后者。CXO UNION-CXO联盟cxounion.cn

如果你偶然发现青霉素能消炎，你是先考虑用它去救人还是赚钱呢?应该都是先想到救人。我也是一样。到了这个时代，有个性化的方式来推荐信息，我就想把它做出来。

如果我想卖掉这家公司，现在就可以拿到一大笔钱。但我奋斗的目标不是赚钱和享乐，支撑我的是自我实现，希望有更多的创造体验，更丰富的人生经历，希望遇到更多优秀的人。

现在的创业环境和以前相比已经非常好了，创业能取得多大的成果，最重要的是，你到底愿意做多大的事情。年轻人关键是立志高远，享受拼的过程，不自满，不懈怠。要把成功的目标，设定的尽可能远。CXO UNION-CXO联盟cxounion.cn

四、优秀年轻人的五个特点

后来，我陆续加入到各种创业团队。在这个过程中，我跟很多毕业生共处过，现在还和他们很多人保持联系。跟你分享一下，我看到的一些好和不好的情况。总结一下，这些优秀年轻人有哪些特点呢?

第一个特点:有好奇心，能够主动学习新事物、新知识和新技能。我有个前同事，理论基础挺好，每次都是把自己的工作做完就下班了。CXO UNION-CXO联盟cxounion.cn

他在这家公司呆了一年多，但对网上的新技术、新工具都不去了解，非常依赖别人，当他想要实现一个功能，就需要有人帮他做后半部分，因为他自己只能做前半部分。如果是有好奇心的人，前端、后端、算法都去掌握，至少有所了解的话那么很多调试分析，自己一个人就可以做。

第二个特点:对不确定性保持乐观。比方说，今日头条刚开始时，我跟大家讲: 我们要做1亿的日启动次数，很多人觉得，你这家小公司怎么可能做得到呢?如果对此持怀疑态度，就不敢努力去尝试。只有乐观的人会相信，会愿意去尝试。CXO UNION-CXO联盟cxounion.cn

其实我加入酷讯时也是这样，那家公司当时想做下一代搜索引警(最后也没有做成，只做了旅游的垂直搜索)。我不知道其他人怎么想的，我自己觉得很兴奋。我确实没有把握，也不知道怎么做，但当时就去学，就去看所有相关的东西。我觉得最后也许不一定做成，或者没有完全做到，但这个过程也会很有帮助 只要对事情的不确定性保持乐观，你会更愿意去尝试。

第三个特点:不甘于平庸。走入社会后的年轻人，应该设定更高的标准。大学期间的同学、一起共事的同事中，有很多非常不错的人才，技术、成绩都比我好，但10年过去了，很多人没有达到我当初的预期。CXO UNION-CXO联盟cxounion.cn

很多人毕业后，目标设定就不高。我回顾了一下，发现有同事加入银行IT部门: 有的是毕业后就加入，有的是工作一段时间后加入。为什么我把这个跟[不甘于平庸，挂在一起呢?因为他们很多人加入，是为了快点解决北京户口，或者得到买经济适用房的机会。

如果一个人一毕业，就把目标定在这儿: 在北京五环内买一个小两居、小三居，把精力都花在这上面，那么工作就会受到很大影响，他的行为会发生变化，不愿意冒风险。

如果不甘于平庸，希望做得非常好的话，其实不会为这些东西担心，这很重要。我说不平庸，并不是专指薪酬要很高或者技术很好，而是你对自己的标准一定要高。也许你前两年变化得慢，但10年后再看，肯定会非常不一样。CXO UNION-CXO联盟cxounion.cn

第四个特点:不傲娇，要能延迟满足感。在这里举个反例: 两个我印象比较深刻的年轻人，素质、技术都蛮不错，也都挺有特点。我当时是他们的主管，发现他们在工作中deliver (传递)的感觉始终不好。

他们觉得其他同事做得不如他们，其实不是:他们确实可以算作在当时招的同事里面 TOP20%，但他们觉得自己是TOP1% 。所以很多基础一点的工作，比如要做一个调试工具，他就不愿意做，或者需要跟同事配合的工作，他就配合得不好。

本来都是资质非常好的人才，人非常聪明、动手能力也强，但没有控制好自己的傲娇情绪。我觉得这和广不甘于平庸不矛盾。[不甘于平庸]是你目标要设得很高，[不傲娇]是你对现状要踏实。

另一个例子是，当时我们有个做产品的同事，也是应届生招进来，当时大家都觉得他不算特别聪明，就让他做一些辅助性的工作，统计一下数据，做一下用户反弹之类，但现在他已经是一家十亿美金公司的副总裁。CXO UNION-CXO联盟cxounion.cn

后来我想想，他的特点就是肯去做，负责任，从不推诿，只要有机会承担的事情，他总尽可能地做好。每次也不算做得特别好，但我们总是给他反馈。他去了那家公司后，把一个用户量不足 10 万的边缘频道负责起来，越做越好。由于是边缘频道，没有配备完整的团队，所以他一个人承担了很多职责，也得到了很多锻炼。

第五个特点:对重要的选择要有判断力。选什么专业、选什么公司、选什么职业、选什么发展路径，自己要有判断力不要被短期选择所左右。比如，原先有很多人愿意去外企，不愿意去新兴公司。CXO UNION-CXO联盟cxounion.cn

2006 年、2007年的时候，很多师弟、师妹问我职业选择，我都建议他们去百度，不要去IBM、微软。但实际上，很多人都是出于短期考虑:外企可能名气大、薪酬高一点。虽然这个道理，大家都听过很多遍。刚毕业时薪酬差三五千块，真的可以忽略不计。短期薪酬差别并不重要。但实际上，能摆脱这个、能有判断力的人，也不是特别多。

翻译：

Three things I learned in college

In 2001, I was admitted to Nankai University. At first, the college life was a little frustrating, but gradually I found my rhythm in the quiet and simple campus and the down-to-earth atmosphere. During college, I mainly did three things, one is to write code, because I am engaged in technology, the second is to read books, read a lot of books, and the third is to repair computers. Based on this, I also have three things to gain: patience, knowledge, and partners.

The first takeaway: patience.

Being patient, being alone, and making judgments based on long-term thinking without being distracted by short-term factors, and patiently waiting for the things you envision and work for to happen gradually, are very important things for entrepreneurship. In fact, you often imagine very good, the design is also very complete, you are also very hard, but what you expect, often takes a long time to happen. This kind of patience is definitely honed in Nankai.

How did I deal with the boring life in college? Biographies are excellent chicken soup for the soul. I have read a lot of biographies, and if I have learned anything, it is to find that great people, before they became great people, also lived a seemingly boring life, doing some insignificant things every day, but these things eventually connected the dots and made them.CXO UNION-CXO联盟cxounion.cn

After my graduation, I participated in the creation of cool news, meal no, Room 99, and now today’s headlines, every entrepreneurial experience is quite lonely. In retrospect, patience is very important, not only the patience to wait, but also the patience to think deeply, but also the patience to find more and better partners.

The second takeaway: Read books.

The lonely college life has given me the quietest reading time in my life. I used the time others spent playing games and cards to read all kinds of books, or messy books, including professional books, including biographies, as well as various newspapers and magazines at home and abroad.CXO UNION-CXO联盟cxounion.cn

Of course, at that time, I also felt sleepy, and felt that these things and questions were interesting, but they were not useful in life. It was not until later that I entered the networking industry and started my own business that various kinds of knowledge were connected, which helped me understand the industry and management, and master unfamiliar areas faster, including how to organize and distribute information more efficiently, thus changing the efficiency of all walks of life.CXO UNION-CXO联盟cxounion.cn

In 2011, I observed a phenomenon that there were fewer and fewer people reading and selling newspapers on the subway. At the beginning of the year, there were almost no people at the end of the year. At the same time, 2011 was the peak of smartphone shipments, which was the sum of smartphone shipments in 2008, 2009 and 2010. In my opinion, this is a qualitative change in information dissemination, mobile phones are likely to replace paper media as the main carrier of information dissemination, and because of the corresponding relationship between people and mobile phones, mobile phones are carried everywhere, and the demand for personalized recommendations will definitely increase, so I founded Toutiao.

The third point of gain: make a lot of partners.

I had a lot of good company when I was in college. How do you stay social as a tech guy who doesn’t really get involved in groups? My main job is repairing computers and programming websites….. Later, the class reunion, the way to say hello is basically: hi, your computer or I installed. I have installed dozens of computers, of course, most of them are female students….. Not only to help install the computer and often warranty. Yes, as you can imagine, fixing the computer brought me a major life gain – my girlfriend at the time, my wife now.

On campus, I took on a lot of outsourcing projects. Including my wife’s department website (free of charge, of course). Because of this trade and part-time work, I can have more than two or three thousand income per month in the senior year, at that time, absolutely rich. At that time, I soaked in the lab with my classmates, stayed up until one or two in the morning, and would invite everyone to roast skewers collectively. Two or three times a week.CXO UNION-CXO联盟cxounion.cn

At that time, many of the people who ate barbecue with me were interested in programming and had similar interests, including my classmates at the same level, microelectronics majors, software engineering majors, and brothers and sisters. Later, they joined my company one after another and became the technical backbone of our company as well as entrepreneurial partners.

Second, my work perception

In 2005, I graduated from Nankai University and joined a company called Kuxun. I was one of the first people to join, and I started out as an engineer, but in my second year, I was in charge of a team of 40 or 50 people in the company, responsible for all the back-end technology, but also responsible for a lot of product related work.

Someone asked me: Why did you grow so fast in your first job? Is that the company where you excel? Well, it’s not. At that time, the company’s recruitment standards were very high, and there were two PHDS from the computer department of Tsinghua University who joined the company at the same time as me. Do I have the best skills? Is it the most experienced? Neither. Then I thought about what qualities I had back then.CXO UNION-CXO联盟cxounion.cn

First of all, when I work, I never divide what I should do and what I should not do.

After I finished my work, I did most of my colleagues’ problems if I could help solve them. At the time, I had seen most of the Code in Code Base. When a new person comes in, whenever I have time, I explain everything to him. By explaining, I can grow myself.

In the first two years of work, I basically went home at 12 or 1 every day, and I also went home to program late. Indeed, it is because of interest, not because the company has a requirement. So I quickly went from being responsible for a crawler extraction module to being responsible for the entire back-end system, starting with a small team, then a small department, then a large department.

At that time, I was in charge of technology, but when there was a problem with the product, I would actively participate in the discussion and think about the product plan. A lot of people say it’s not something I should do. But I want to say this: your sense of responsibility, your drive to do things well, will drive you to do more things, and you will get a lot of exercise.CXO UNION-CXO联盟cxounion.cn

I was an engineer at the time, but the experience of being involved in products helped me a lot in my transition to products later on. My involvement in the business part has also helped me a lot in my current work. At the end of 2007, I went with the sales director to meet with a client. This experience taught me what makes a good sale. When I set up today’s headlines to recruit people, these cases for reference, so that I will not be ignorant in this field.

Three, my initial intention

I have a lot of respect for Elon Mask, who not only founded TESLA, but also founded a company called Space X with the goal of revolutionizing space technology, with the ultimate goal of humans being able to live on other planets.

Space X is now the world’s first private rocket launch into space and realize the recovery of the company, although the process of continuous exploration in the forefront of the field is very difficult, and even followers are not behind, but Elon Mask has always believed: as long as the theory can be established, the theory can be the best, it should be to achieve it.CXO UNION-CXO联盟cxounion.cn

I particularly appreciate the courage to strive for excellence and lead. Young people’s entrepreneurship is to create new technologies, to do things that theoretically exist but have not yet been realized, and to bring fundamental progress to the world. Entrepreneurship, some people want to make money, some people want to do something, I think I am the latter.

If you happen to discover that penicillin can reduce inflammation, would you first consider using it to save lives or make money?

I think it’s all about saving people first. The same goes for me. In this day and age, there are personalized ways to recommend information, and I wanted to make it.

If I wanted to sell the company, I could get a lot of money right now. However, the goal of my struggle is not to make money and enjoy, but to support me is self-realization, hoping to have more creative experience, richer life experience, and hope to meet more excellent people.CXO UNION-CXO联盟cxounion.cn

Now the entrepreneurial environment is very good compared with the past, how much can be achieved by entrepreneurship, and the most important thing is how much you are willing to do. The key for young people is to aspire high, enjoy the process of fighting, not complacent, not slack. To set the goal of success as far as possible

Four, five characteristics of excellent young people

Later, I joined various entrepreneurial teams. In the process, I spent time with many graduates and still keep in touch with many of them. Let me share with you some of the good and bad things I’ve seen. To sum up, what are the characteristics of these outstanding young people?CXO UNION-CXO联盟cxounion.cn

The first characteristic: curiosity,

the ability to actively learn new things, new knowledge and new skills. I had a former colleague who had a very good theoretical basis, and every time he finished his work, he left work.

He stayed in this company for more than a year, but he did not understand the new technology and new tools on the Internet, and he was very dependent on others. When he wanted to achieve a function, he needed someone to help him do the second half, because he could only do the first half. If you are a curious person, the front end, the back end, the algorithm to master, at least some understanding then a lot of debugging analysis, their own person can do.CXO UNION-CXO联盟cxounion.cn

Second trait: optimism about uncertainty.

For example, at the beginning of today’s headlines, I told everyone: we want to do 100 million daily start-up times, many people think, how can you do this small company? If you doubt it, you don’t dare to try hard. Only optimistic people believe and are willing to try.

In fact, when I joined Cool news, the company wanted to do the next generation of search alarm (and finally did not do, only do vertical search travel). I don’t know about the others. I’m excited. I wasn’t sure, I didn’t know how to do it, but I was there to learn, to see all the relevant things. I think in the end it may not work out, or it may not work out, but it can be very helpful and if you’re optimistic about the uncertainty, you’re more willing to try.CXO UNION-CXO联盟cxounion.cn

Third characteristic: not willing to mediocrity.

When young people enter the society, they should set higher standards. In my college classmates and colleagues, there are many very good talents with better skills and achievements than me. But 10 years have passed, and many of them have not met my original expectations.

Many people don’t set high goals after graduation. I looked back and saw colleagues joining the bank’s IT department: either after graduation or after working for a while. Why do I put this with [not willing to mediocrity, hanging together? Because many of them joined in order to quickly solve the Beijing hukou, or get the opportunity to buy affordable housing.CXO UNION-CXO联盟cxounion.cn

If a person sets his goal here as soon as he graduates: to buy a small two-bedroom or three-bedroom in the Fifth Ring Road of Beijing, and spends all his energy on this, then the work will be greatly affected, his behavior will change, and he will not be willing to take risks.

If you are not willing to mediocrity, hope to do very well, in fact, you will not worry about these things, which is very important. When I say not mediocre, I don’t mean that the salary should be very high or the technology is very good, but that you must have high standards for yourself. Maybe you change slowly in the first two years, but look at it in 10 years, and it will definitely be very different.

The fourth feature: not arrogant, to be able to delay satisfaction.

Here is a counterexample: two young people who I am impressed with are quite good in quality and technology, and they are also quite distinctive. I was their supervisor at the time, and I found that they never felt good about delivering at work.

They feel that other colleagues are not doing as well as them, but they are not: they could be in the top 20% of the colleagues hired at the time, but they think they are in the top 1%. So a lot of basic work, such as to make a debugging tool, he is not willing to do, or need to cooperate with colleagues, he does not cooperate well.CXO UNION-CXO联盟cxounion.cn

Originally were very good talents, people are very smart, hands-on ability is also strong, but did not control their own arrogant Jiao emotion. I think it’s not inconsistent with the general refusal to settle for mediocrity. [not willing to mediocrity] is that your goal should be set high, [not proud Jiao] is that you should be practical about the status quo.

Another example is that at that time, we had a colleague who did product, and was also recruited by fresh graduates, and everyone thought he was not particularly smart at that time, and let him do some auxiliary work, statistics, do some user rebound and so on. But now he is the vice president of a billion dollar company.

Later I thought about it, his characteristics are willing to do, responsible, never shirk. As long as there is an opportunity to undertake things, he always do as well as possible. It’s not always a great job, but we always give him feedback. After he went to that company, he took charge of a marginal channel with less than 100,000 users and made it better and better. Since it is a fringe channel, there is no complete team. So he takes on a lot of responsibilities and gets a lot of exercise.

Fifth trait: Be judicious about important choices.

Choose what professional, choose what company, choose what career, choose what development path. Their own judgment should not be affected by short-term choices. For example, in the past, many people were willing to work for foreign companies, rather than new companies.CXO UNION-CXO联盟cxounion.cn

In 2006 and 2007, when many of my younger brothers and younger sisters asked me about my career choices. I advised them to go to Baidu instead of IBM and Microsoft. But in reality, many are taking a short-term view:. A foreign company may have a bigger name and a higher salary. You’ve all heard this a lot, though. When I first graduated, the salary difference of three or five thousand dollars is really negligible. Short-term pay differentials don’t matter. But in fact, there are not many people who can get rid of this and have judgment.

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