【CEO观点】微软CEO：AI带来的繁荣，不亚于PC普及

未来也许是计算机、AI、混合现实三种技术融合打造出一个创新平台。

“AI的发展给我们带来了最自然的用户使用界面——便于计算机理解我们而不是我们理解计算机。”微软CEO纳德拉说道。

近日，微软CEO萨提亚·纳德拉（Satya Nadella，以下简称“纳德拉”）参加了2024世界经济论坛，并接受了世界经济论坛主席、德国经济学家克劳斯·施瓦布（Klaus Schwab，以下简称“克劳斯”）的采访，两人就AI的发展进行了深度探讨。纳德拉多次强调人工智能（AI）发展的必要性和安全性，此次AI革命的影响甚至不亚于当初PC（个人电脑）普及，并且随着人工智能的高速发展，AI将为应用程序提供新的界面和新的模型，微软看到了其中的参与机会，这必将带来新的经济繁荣。

1月12日，微软股价盘中上涨1.19%，报393.08美元，当日收盘，微软市值已达2.94万亿美元，超过苹果成为全球市值最高的公司。不过，纳德拉对这一里程碑式事件并不感冒，“股价是最不应该关注的东西，尤其是对于我们这个行业，股价对明天会发生什么几乎没有任何意义，我们所有人都要面对的问题是是否能够把一切都押注在接下来会发生的事情上”。他将股价评价为“滞后指标”。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

对于大量使用AI所带来的能源和环境压力，纳德拉给出了自己独特的见解，他认为随着技术的不断发展，AI使用的成本是不断降低的，并且AI对能源的消耗反而会刺激能源转型，激活新能源技术的探索。同时对于一直强调的AI安全问题，纳德拉直言这是全人类面临的挑战，需要制定全球治理规范。

精彩观点如下：

1. 2022年ChatGPT问世也是一个标志性事件，它的出现意味着普通人已经可以与AI产生联系。

2.当我们考虑能源转型时，有AI助力就意味着将需要250年的化学反应缩短到了25年。

3. 我想未来也许是计算机、AI、混合现实三种技术融合打造出一个创新平台。

4. 我们需要新技术，同时也需要安全带，将创新与安全相结合，才能扩大技术发展的社会效益，抑制技术发展会带来的不良后果，我认为这是我们前进的正确方向。

5.在微软工作的32年里，我有幸见证了PC、互联网、移动互联网和云技术三项重大技术革命，现在的AI是第四项。

以下为访谈全文，有删改：

一、AI助力：250年的化学反应缩短到25年

克劳斯：生成式AI一年前还处于“婴儿时期”，现在已经成长为一名“青少年”了，短时间内变化如此大，令人难以置信，你怎么看生成式AI的快速发展？ CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

纳德拉：1993年，Mosaic（马赛克）问世时带给我的震撼还记忆犹新，从那以后，互联网就发生了翻天覆地的变化。所以2022年ChatGPT问世也是一个标志性事件，它的出现意味着普通人已经可以与AI产生联系。自此，AI在各个地区、各个行业以及各个领域高速发展，我再一次清晰地感受到有些事情正在改变世界，AI在各行各业都可以帮助人们更好地工作，比如我们推出的Copilot（微软在Windows 11中加入的AI助手）可以帮助程序员编程，让编程不再枯燥乏味，还有医疗保健领域的Copilot，可以减轻医生与患者之间的沟通障碍。让所有专业知识成为触手可及的存在，普通人即使没有系统学习过也能使用这些知识和技能，我想这就是AI存在的意义，2024年我认为AI的影响力和渗透力还会增强。

克劳斯：这次会议有很多关于人工智能的讨论，谈论了它对人类工作的影响，对产业的影响以及后面我们会谈到的对生产力的影响，那么你认为我们还忽略了哪些值得讨论的内容？

纳德拉：我们谈论了很多AI与人类关系的具体问题，比如AI对知识生产和人类工作产生的影响等。但我其实我更感兴趣的是AI对科学研究的助力，这是个非常有意思的一个领域。

不久前，微软推出了新一代材料科学领域的大模型——MatterGen，能设计生成新颖、稳定的材料。当前材料科学核心的挑战是发现所需特性的材料，一般情况我们都是在茫茫材料中不停筛选寻找所需材料，而MatterGen可以直接生成我们需要的特定材料，这是多么不可思议。当我们考虑能源转型时，有AI助力就意味着将需要250年的化学反应缩短到了25年。

这种科学技术带来的变革也适用于生物学。例如在癌症检测中，我们可以使用AI来模拟分子行为。所以如果我们能合理运用AI工具，完全可以感受到它在加速科学研究的发展。目前，数字革命已经为科学研究带来了助力工具，但如果能从根本上加速科学发展，那么未来在治愈疾病、能源转型以及发现新材料等方面都会有丰硕的成果。

克劳斯：现在大家都在讨论AI，但其实第四次工业革命还有许多改变世界的技术，你认为还有哪些技术深刻影响了社会发展？ CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

纳德拉：我对三种技术非常感兴趣，分别是计算机、AI和混合现实。首先我们需要更多核心计算基础设施。上一代的设备还统治着市场，但问题是我们能否诞生新的量子革命？我对量子非常感兴趣，未来或许可以用AI作为模拟层进行量子模拟，带来新的量子革命。我还对混合现实感兴趣，当我想到嵌入式AI时，我会思考它是否是我们身上的传感器，这有点像AR或VR设备。我想未来也许是计算机、AI、混合现实三种技术融合打造出一个创新平台。

二、AI安全：全球挑战需全球应对

克劳斯：当我们回顾历史，类似的技术例如印刷术的出现带来了文艺复兴运动，你刚才说的这些技术也能像印刷术一样给人类创造下一个“文艺复兴”吗？

纳德拉：很荣幸来到这个论坛，有机会和零售业、医药业、银行业甚至各个经济部门的人说“数字技术正广泛应用于世界各地。”这意味着AI成为一种通用技术，当通用技术有所突破的时，行业边界就会变得模糊，我们将拥有更好的医疗、教育、生活产品、服务以及更丰富的创作动力。

克劳斯：非发达国家很担心这些先进技术会成为他们面对世界新的技术壁垒，甚至会让国际形势更加紧张，你是否也有这种担忧？ CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

纳德拉：这是值得关注的问题，我们不希望技术被用于制造更多分裂，而是希望技术带来更多美好，例如GPT-4可以为世界各地的学生提供专属导师；AI让每个人都可以获得更好的医疗建议，帮助每个人更好地获得所在地政府的帮助，充分行使自己的权利。这些技术都极具潜力，同时也面临诸多障碍，但值得高兴的是，得益于过去15年云技术和移动互联网的普及，这一代技术将会以更快的速度传播，覆盖全球。

克劳斯：人们可能会对科技快速发展持悲观甚至恐惧的态度，我们需要做什么才能保证前进的方向是正确的呢？你的建议是什么？

纳德拉：在数字技术行业，我们学到的最大教训是，必须承担新技术发展所带来的任何后果，不论好坏。过去十年最重要的变化就是，世界不再容忍任何人进行没有经过安全验证的工作。不过，我对技术的发展依然保持乐观态度，因为行业中已经在呼吁提高安全性。例如在AI发布之前，微软和OpenAI在对齐（在大模型中，对齐通常指的是将模型的行为调整到预定的、与人类价值观相符的方向上。）与安全工作上投入了大量资金和精力，事实上，现在所有的AI大模型公司都是这么做的。我们对安全的重视不仅影响了行业，也影响了政府，美国政府和英国政府都在探讨AI的安全性和监管AI的具体措施。我们需要新技术，同时也需要安全带，将创新与安全相结合，才能扩大技术发展的社会效益，抑制技术发展会带来的不良后果，我认为这是我们前进的正确方向。

我们需要新技术，同时也需要安全带，将创新与安全相结合，才能扩大技术发展的社会效益，抑制技术发展会带来的不良后果，我认为这是我们前进的正确方向。

克劳斯：制定全球法规监管AI是非常有必要的，但目前看来还有一定的难度，不同国家对AI的态度也不一样。未来会出现类似警察或国际能源组织这样的监管机构吗？

纳德拉：AI是面向全人类的技术，它面临的问题是全人类的挑战，自然需要全球标准和全球规范，否则技术会失去控制。我们现在的共识是，涉及基础模型时，我们应该在推出任何新产品之前对其安全性进行严格的评估，而涉及应用程序时，我们应该就如何部署这项技术进行风险评估，比如用在医疗保健领域，就需要对AI技术应用于医疗领域的风险进行评估。如果我们能就一些基础要素达成共识，制定规范，我想人类会走到一起。我不知道是否会出现一个新的机构，但我所在的地区人们都在讨论这个问题。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

克劳斯：我作为一名软件工程师，一直试图走在技术的最前沿，但我感觉自己很难捕捉到AI这样的新技术，我也意识到应该把ChatGPT当成一个真正的同事去交流，而不是把它当成简单的搜索引擎。你觉得政府对AI的理解程度怎么样，能提出有效的监管方式吗？

纳德拉：归根结底，我们没有治理人类社会的能力，无法利用技术直接改善人民的生活，这种情况下就需要政府的支持。

AI的发展给我们带来了最自然的用户使用界面——便于计算机理解我们而不是我们理解计算机。就技术本身来看，其实与政治没有任何关系，而是技术本身要足够简单，这样它才是可治理的。

克劳斯：如果大量使用AI，巨大的能源消耗会带来经济压力和环境压力，你考虑过这些问题吗？

纳德拉：事实上，一方面AI算力的消耗成本随着技术的进步正在不断下降，比如之前说的把250年的化学反应时间压缩到25年，快速找到新材料，这实际上降低了新产品开发的成本，有利于提高生产力。另一方面，我们对能源的需求正在刺激风能、太阳能、核能等新能源的开发与创新，加速了能源转型。用新能源推动新技术的发展，从根本上促进社会发展，提高社会生产力。

三、AI未来：迎接下一个“PC繁荣”

克劳斯：互联网技术繁荣发展时，社会生产力得到了质的提升，经济获得了飞速发展，那么现在AI为代表的新技术的出现，会再次带来经济繁荣吗？ CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

德拉：目前世界经济的确处于一个令人失望的状态，部分发达国家的经济甚至出现了负增长，我们迫切需要一个新的投资方向，所以我对AI作为推动经济增长的通用技术感到乐观。即使是罗伯特·戈登（Robert Gordon，美国经济学家），对信息技术和生产力关系一直持批评态度的经济学家，也会承认PC（个人电脑）的普及是上一次经济繁荣开始的节点，此次AI技术出现的时机非常像当时PC普及的节点。

我很难想象在PC出现之前人类是如何工作的，例如你想为一家跨国公司做成本预算，在电子邮件、电子表格出现之前那是什么样的形式呢，感觉工作根本无法进行下去。但PC出现之后，我们的业务流程发生了变化，可以轻松完成为跨国公司做成本预算的工作。我认为在Copilot时代，随着AI的传播，我们的工作任务和工作流程将发生根本性变化，既能带来经济产出，也能加快科学研究的进度。

还有一项技术革命就是手机的出现，与PC一样以惊人的速度席卷了全世界，它的出现改变了我们的消费模式，我们可以借助手机使用社交媒体、观看视频、购物、获取信息、新闻等。而现在面对的AI革命，将会把我们带到释放创造力的阶段。我的一位同事向我描述他四岁的孩子周末的活动时提到，孩子对她说自己需要更多时间来创作。所以当人类的创造能力被释放时，生产力就会提高。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

克劳斯：我15岁的孙子要求我从达沃斯回去时，要给他如何进入AI领域并成为大人物的建议，你会给出什么建议呢？

纳德拉：AI最吸引人的地方在于你可以研究任何感兴趣的东西，比如我是一名电气工程师，当年学习麦克斯韦方程（英国物理学家詹姆斯·麦克斯韦在19世纪建立的一组描述电场、磁场与电荷密度、电流密度之间关系的偏微分方程。）时，根本没学明白，不理解其真正的含义，后来我在研究AI时，看到有人用Java语言（一种计算机语言，用于创建网站）写了一个网站，可视化了麦克斯韦方程。所以现在任何人都可以借助AI学习感兴趣行业，晦涩难懂的问题都会由AI来解答。

克劳斯：你是世界上最成功的商业领袖之一，如果将你与10年前的纳德拉进行对比，你认为自己的领导风格有什么变化？

纳德拉：在过去的工作中我一直在反思。这是我在微软工作的第32年，进入人工智能领域的第2年。在微软工作的32年里，我有幸见证了PC、互联网、移动互联网和云技术三项重大技术革命，现在的AI是第四项。

当你构建一个新事物时，我们对它的风险认知很困难，比如项目规模、投资规模这些要素都很难把握。我们在拓展新业务的同时，还需要确保已有的业务正常运转，这是一项非常艰巨的任务。目前我可以说微软成功了，但没办法保证以后也会成功，所以在拥有信心的同时，我还需要保持谦逊，这样才能不断学习到新知识。

翻译：

Microsoft CEO: The prosperity brought by AI is no less than the popularization of PCS

The future may be the integration of computer, AI, and mixed reality to create an innovation platform.

“The development of AI has given us the most natural user interface – one that allows the computer to understand us rather than us understanding the computer.” Said Microsoft CEO Nadella.

Recently, Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella (hereinafter referred to as “Nadella”) attended the World Economic Forum 2024, and accepted the chairman of the World Economic Forum, German economist Klaus Schwab (hereinafter referred to as “Klaus”) interview, The two had an in-depth discussion on the development of AI. Nadella repeatedly stressed the necessity and security of the development of artificial intelligence (AI), the impact of the AI revolution is even no less than the original PC (personal computer) popularity, and with the rapid development of artificial intelligence, AI will provide new interfaces and new models for applications, Microsoft saw the opportunity to participate, which will bring new economic prosperity.

On January 12, Microsoft’s share price rose 1.19% to $393.08, and by the end of the day, Microsoft’s market value had reached $2.94 trillion, surpassing Apple to become the world’s most valuable company. However, Nadella was not impressed by the milestone, “The stock price is the last thing to pay attention to, especially for our industry, the stock price has almost no meaning for what will happen tomorrow, and the question we all have to face is whether we can bet everything on what will happen next.” He rates stock prices as a “lagging indicator.”

For the energy and environmental pressure brought about by the massive use of AI, Nadella gave his own unique insight, he believes that with the continuous development of technology, the cost of AI use is constantly decreasing, and AI’s consumption of energy will stimulate energy transformation and activate the exploration of new energy technologies. At the same time, for the AI security issue that has been emphasized, Nadella bluntly said that this is a challenge facing all mankind, and global governance norms need to be formulated. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

The highlights are as follows:

1. The advent of ChatGPT in 2022 is also a landmark event, which means that ordinary people can already connect with AI.
2. When we think about the energy transition, having AI means reducing chemical reactions that take 250 years to 25.
3. I think the future may be the integration of computer, AI and mixed reality to create an innovation platform.
4. We need new technologies as well as safety belts. Only by combining innovation and safety can we expand the social benefits of technological development and restrain the adverse consequences brought by technological development.
5. In my 32 years at Microsoft, I have been privileged to witness three major technological revolutions: PC, Internet, mobile Internet and cloud technology, and AI is now the fourth.

The following is the full text of the interview, with changes:

1. AI help: 250 years of chemical reactions shortened to 25 years

Krause: Generative AI was in its infancy a year ago, and now it’s a teenager. It’s incredible how much has changed in such a short period of time. What do you think about the rapid development of generative AI?

Nadella: I still remember the shock of Mosaic when it came out in 1993, and the Internet has changed dramatically since then. So the advent of ChatGPT in 2022 is also a landmark event, its appearance means that ordinary people can already connect with AI. Since then, AI has developed rapidly in every region, every industry, and every field, and it is clear to me once again that something is changing the world, and AI can help people do their jobs better in every industry, such as the introduction of Copilot (Microsoft’s AI assistant in Windows 11) to help programmers program. Take the drudgedness out of programming, and there’s Copilot in healthcare, which can reduce communication barriers between doctors and patients. Let all professional knowledge become accessible, ordinary people can use these knowledge and skills even if they have not studied systematically, I think this is the meaning of AI, and in 2024 I think AI’s influence and penetration will increase.

Krause: There was a lot of talk at this conference about AI, about its impact on human jobs, its impact on industry and, as we’ll talk about later, its impact on productivity, so what else do you think we missed that was worth talking about?

Nadella: We talked a lot about the specific issues of the relationship between AI and humans, such as the impact of AI on knowledge production and human work. But I’m actually more interested in how AI can contribute to scientific research, which is a very interesting field.

Not long ago, Microsoft launched a new generation of big models in materials science – MatterGen, which can design and generate novel, stable materials. The core challenge of materials science today is to find the materials with the desired properties. We usually sift through the vast pool of materials to find the materials we need, and MatterGen can directly generate the specific materials we need, which is incredible. When we think about the energy transition, having AI to help us reduce the chemical reaction that takes 250 years to 25 years.

The changes brought about by science and technology also apply to biology. In cancer detection, for example, we can use AI to model molecular behavior. So if we can properly use AI tools, we can feel that it is accelerating the development of scientific research. Currently, the digital revolution has brought tools to scientific research, but if it can fundamentally accelerate the development of science, then the future will be rich in curing diseases, energy transformation, and the discovery of new materials. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

Kraus: Everyone is talking about AI, but there are many other technologies that will change the world in the fourth Industrial Revolution. What other technologies do you think have had a profound impact on society?

Nadella: I’m very interested in three technologies: computers, AI and mixed reality. First we need more core computing infrastructure. The previous generation of devices still ruled the market, but the question is can we have a new quantum revolution? I am very interested in quantum, and maybe we can use AI as a simulation layer to conduct quantum simulation in the future, bringing a new quantum revolution. I’m also interested in mixed reality, and when I think about embedded AI, I think about whether it’s a sensor on us, which is kind of like an AR or VR device. I think the future may be the integration of computer, AI and mixed reality three technologies to create an innovation platform.

2. AI security: Global challenges require global responses

Krauss: When we look back in history, the emergence of similar technologies like printing brought about the Renaissance, can these technologies, like printing, create the next “Renaissance” for mankind?

Nadella: It’s an honor to be here at this forum and to have the opportunity to speak to people from retail, medicine, banking, and even various sectors of the economy and say, “Digital technologies are being used all over the world.” This means that AI has become a general technology, and when the general technology breaks through, the industry boundary will become blurred, and we will have better medical, education, life products and services, and richer creative motivation.

Klaus: Non-developed countries are worried that these advanced technologies will become a new technological barrier for them to face the world, and even increase international tension. Do you share this concern?

Nadella: That’s something to be concerned about. We don’t want technology to be used to create more division. We want technology to bring more beauty. For example, GPT-4 can provide dedicated tutors for students around the world. AI gives everyone access to better medical advice and helps everyone better access the local government to fully exercise their rights. These technologies have great potential and face many obstacles, but the good news is that thanks to the popularity of cloud technology and mobile Internet over the past 15 years, this generation of technologies will spread faster and cover the world.

Krause: People may be pessimistic and even fearful about the rapid development of technology. What do we need to do to ensure that we are moving in the right direction? What would you suggest?

Nadella: The biggest lesson we’ve learned in the digital technology industry is that we have to live with any consequences, good or bad, that come with the development of new technologies. The most important change in the last decade is that the world no longer tolerates anyone doing work that is not safely verified. However, I remain optimistic about the development of technology, as the industry is already calling for improved security. For example, before AI was released, Microsoft and OpenAI worked on alignment (in large models, alignment usually refers to adjusting the model’s behavior in a predetermined direction that is consistent with human values). A lot of money and effort has been put into working with security, in fact, all of the big AI model companies are doing this now. Our emphasis on security has influenced not only the industry, but also the government, with both the US government and the UK government exploring the safety of AI and specific measures to regulate AI. We need new technologies as well as safety belts. Only by combining innovation and safety can we expand the social benefits of technological development and curb the adverse consequences of technological development. I think this is the right direction for us to move forward. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

We need new technologies as well as safety belts. Only by combining innovation and safety can we expand the social benefits of technological development and curb the adverse consequences of technological development. I think this is the right direction for us to move forward.

Klaus: It is very necessary to develop global regulations to regulate AI, but it still seems to be a certain difficulty, and different countries have different attitudes towards AI. Will there be a regulatory body like the police or the International Energy Organization? CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

Nadella: AI is a technology for all mankind, and the problems it faces are challenges for all mankind, which naturally requires global standards and global norms, otherwise the technology will get out of control. Our consensus now is that when it comes to the underlying model, we should conduct a rigorous assessment of its safety before launching any new product, and when it comes to applications, we should conduct a risk assessment of how to deploy this technology, such as in healthcare, we need to assess the risk of AI technology being applied to the medical field. If we can agree on some basic elements, develop norms, I think humanity will come together. I don’t know if a new agency will emerge, but people in my area are talking about it.

Krause: As a software engineer, I always try to be on the cutting edge of technology, but I feel that I have a hard time catching new technologies like AI, and I realize that I should communicate with ChatGPT as a real colleague, not as a simple search engine. How well do you think the government understands AI and can come up with effective ways to regulate it?

Nadella: At the end of the day, we don’t have the capacity to govern human society, to use technology to directly improve people’s lives, and in that case we need government support.

The development of AI has given us the most natural user interface possible – one that allows the computer to understand us rather than us understanding the computer. In terms of technology itself, it has nothing to do with politics, it has to be simple enough for it to be governable.

Kraus: Have you considered the economic pressures and environmental pressures that will result from the huge energy consumption if AI is used heavily? CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

Nadella: In fact, on the one hand, the consumption cost of AI computing power is decreasing with the progress of technology, such as the compression of 250 years of chemical reaction time to 25 years, and the rapid discovery of new materials, which actually reduces the cost of new product development and is conducive to improving productivity. On the other hand, our demand for energy is stimulating the development and innovation of new energy sources such as wind, solar and nuclear power, accelerating the energy transition. To promote the development of new technologies with new energy, fundamentally promote social development and improve social productivity.

3. The future of AI: Meet the next “PC Boom”

Klaus: When the Internet technology flourished, social productivity was improved qualitatively and the economy developed rapidly. Now, will the emergence of new technologies represented by AI bring economic prosperity again?

Della: The current world economy is indeed in a disappointing state, some developed countries even have negative economic growth, we urgently need a new direction of investment, so I am optimistic about AI as a general purpose technology to promote economic growth. Even Robert Gordon, an economist who has been critical of the relationship between information technology and productivity, would admit that the adoption of the PC (personal computer) was the point at which the last economic boom began, and that the timing of the emergence of AI technology is very much like the point at which PC adoption began.

It’s hard for me to imagine how human beings worked before the PC, for example if you want to do cost budgeting for a multinational company, what it was like before email, before spreadsheets, it just doesn’t feel like work can be done. But when the PC came along, our business processes changed, making it easy to do cost budgeting for multinational companies. I believe that in the Copilot era, with the spread of AI, our work tasks and workflows will fundamentally change, both in terms of economic output and in terms of accelerating scientific research. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

Another technological revolution is the emergence of mobile phones, which has swept the world with the same amazing speed as PC. Its emergence has changed our consumption pattern, we can use social media, watch videos, shop, get information, news and so on with the help of mobile phones. The AI revolution we are now facing will bring us to the stage of unleashing creativity. One of my colleagues was describing his four-year-old’s weekend activities when he told her he needed more time to create. So when human creativity is unleashed, productivity increases.

Krause: When my 15-year-old grandson asks me to come back from Davos and give him advice on how to get into AI and become a big guy, what advice would you give?

Nadella: The most fascinating thing about AI is that you can study anything you’re interested in, like I was an electrical engineer studying Maxwell’s equations [partial differential equations established by the British physicist James Maxwell in the 19th century that describe the relationship between electric and magnetic fields and the density of charge and current.] I didn’t understand it, didn’t understand what it really meant, and then when I was researching AI, I saw that someone had written a website in Java (a computer language used to create websites) that visualized Maxwell’s equation. So now anyone can use AI to learn the industry they are interested in, and difficult questions will be answered by AI.

Krause: You’re one of the most successful business leaders in the world, if you compare yourself to Nadella 10 years ago, how would you say your leadership style has changed?

Nadella: I’ve been reflecting a lot in my past work. This is my 32nd year at Microsoft and my second year in the AI field. In my 32 years at Microsoft, I have been privileged to witness three major technological revolutions: PC, Internet, mobile Internet and cloud technology, and AI is now the fourth. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

本文由CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）转载而成，来源于中国企业家杂志；编辑/翻译：CXO UNIONCXO联盟小U。

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