【观点】国家智能制造专家委委员瞿金平院士：自主创新是推进新型工业化的强大引擎

自主创新是推进新型工业化的强大引擎

瞿金平，国家智能制造专家委员会委员、中国工程院院士、华南理工大学机械与汽车工程学院教授、聚合物新型成型装备国家工程研究中心主任

习近平总书记对推进新型工业化作出重要指示：“新时代新征程，以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业，实现新型工业化是关键任务。”当前，世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，新一轮科技革命和产业变革深入发展，全球产业结构和布局深度调整，大国竞争和博弈日益加剧，世界进入新的动荡变革期。在新的时代背景下，我国需要不断加快发展新科技、集聚新要素、建设新基建、培育新主体、构筑新优势、构建新机制，推进新型工业化，加快建设制造强国。自主创新是我国在新型工业化道路上激活新动能、拓展新领域、占领新高地的强大引擎及重要武器。这里，谈两个方面的体会与认识。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

第一，坚持中国特色自主创新，全面塑造发展新优势。

新型工业化是中国特色的工业化，是创新驱动的工业化。在当今日趋激烈的技术竞争中，我国工业化发展要打破“现代化=西方化”的迷信，立足自身优势和实际，“你打你的、我打我的”， 在陈规旧俗中打开思想桎梏，自主发展本土先进制造核心科技，努力实现高水平科技自立自强，才能够适应和引领新一轮科技革命和产业变革。

材料是人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础，是工业革命的先导。当前，高分子材料新品种、新应用不断涌现，高分子产品制造技术及其装备的创新发展愈加重要。但是，我国高分子产品制造产业起步较晚，技术装备一直沿用引进、消化、吸收的“跟随模式”， 一些关键领域的基础研究积淀不够，关键核心技术掌握不足，严重制约了我国高分子材料及其相关产业的发展。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

我们必须转变“跟随”模式，开辟中国特色自主创新道路。例如，我国首创的高分子材料体积拉伸流变加工技术是对传统拖曳剪切流变加工技术的颠覆，取得了从方法原理到实际应用的创新，打破了传统成型加工技术理论桎梏。新技术不但节能效果显著，且在多相多组分、极端流变行为、剪切热敏感等高分子材料加工成型方面具有独特优势，可为许多以前无法高效加工甚至难以加工的高性能、特种高分子材料及其产品制造提供全新技术与装备。

我们必须摒弃“拿来”思维，克服我国基础薄弱瓶颈问题。例如，在关键零部件、核心工艺、基础材料等受制于人的局面下，将体积拉伸流变加工技术与产品智能化制造原理、产品制造过程测控技术和关键功能部件设计创新融合，打破了传统高分子产品制造的“理论框架依赖”、“技术路径依赖”、“ 装备工艺依赖”，开发了高端薄膜、高模量熔纺纤维、大直经管道、高性能复合制件等产品智能制造成套技术装备，实现了高分子产品低耗、高效、高质的绿色制造，促进我国新能源、国防军工、交通运输、石油化工、海洋、农业等领域的技术进步。

第二，激发企业科技创新动力，切实推进成果产业化。

企业是国民经济的细胞，是新型工业化的中坚力量。然而，我国工业企业在40年的追赶发展过程中，偏重速度和规模，“从0到1”原始创新不足。除了在个别科技领域、少数行业处在世界前沿水平，多数产业技术还处在中端水平。奋楫者先，创新者强。在新的历史起点上，我国工业企业只有不断增强科技创新内生动力，力争在基础理论和关键技术上取得新的突破，切实推进科技成果产业化应用，实现从规模速度型向质量效益型转变，才能形成国际竞争新优势，成为我国新型工业化发展的引领者。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

从“1到n”到“0到1”的转变。0是无，1是有，这是“二级制”，创新就是从“0到1”、从“无到有”的创造。中国作为一个后发工业化国家，广大企业的科技实践侧重于“1到n”的复制、跟随，缺乏从“0到1”原始创新的探索和尝试，不但制约了企业自身发展，更是阻碍了我国产业结构优化与升级。在新的发展阶段，我国工业企业应高度重视超前布局前沿技术和颠覆性技术，提升自主创新能力，加强科研院校合作，推动基础研究、应用基础研究、试验开发和产业创新深度融合、相互促进，不断突破产业关键核心技术，才能打破发展“天花板”，获得持续性的竞争优势。

从“摘果子”到“育种子”的转变。由于传统文化和社会环境等因素，更多企业倾向于技术“拿来复制”和成果“ 瓜熟蒂落”带来的快速回报和稳定收益，不愿意承担从“1到n”到“0到1”的转变过程的各种风险。在与从“0到1”成果累积更为丰厚的高校和科研院所的合作中，一些企业追求“摘果子”，要求对方转化的研究成果应该是直接能用的、效果是立竿见影的。事实上，更多的技术成果尤其是前所未有的“0到1”成果从 “实验室”迈向“应用场”，需要经过无数轮的试错和迭代，更需要企业的积极组织和深度参与“育种子”到“摘果子”的过程，不能急于求成。因此，我国工业企业尤其是实力雄厚的头部企业，应当勇于担当工业创新发展的探索者、组织者、引领者责任，实现创新链与产业链的有机融合，完成科学研究、工程开发、成果应用三级跳，加快科技成果向现实生产力转化，在科技自立自强上取得更大进展。 CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

翻译：

Independent innovation is a powerful engine for promoting a new type of industrialization

At present, the world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century. A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is gaining momentum. The global industrial structure and layout are undergoing profound adjustments. In the new era, China needs to continuously accelerate the development of new science and technology, gather new factors, build new infrastructure, cultivate new subjects, build new advantages, build new mechanisms, promote new industrialization, and accelerate the construction of manufacturing power. Independent innovation is a powerful engine and an important weapon for China to activate new momentum, expand new fields and occupy new heights on the road of new industrialization. Here, talk about two aspects of experience and understanding.

First, we need to pursue independent innovation with Chinese characteristics and create new strengths for development in an all-round way.

The new type of industrialization is industrialization with Chinese characteristics and innovation-driven industrialization. In today’s increasingly fierce technological competition, China’s industrialization development should break the superstition of “modernization = Westernization”, based on its own advantages and reality, “you hit your own, I hit mine”, open the ideological shackles in the old customs, independently develop the core technology of local advanced manufacturing, and strive to achieve a high level of science and technology self-reliance, Only then can we adapt to and lead a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation.

Materials are the material basis for human survival and development, and the forerunner of the industrial revolution. At present, new varieties and applications of polymer materials continue to emerge, and the innovative development of polymer product manufacturing technology and equipment is becoming more and more important. However, China’s polymer product manufacturing industry started late, technical equipment has been followed by the introduction, digestion, absorption of the “follow mode”, some key areas of basic research accumulation is not enough, the lack of key core technology, seriously restricted the development of China’s polymer materials and related industries.

We must change the “follow” model and open up a path of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics. For example, China’s first polymer material volume stretching rheological processing technology is a subversion of the traditional drag shear rheological processing technology, from the method principle to the practical application of innovation, breaking the traditional molding processing technology theory shackles. The new technology not only has significant energy saving effect, but also has unique advantages in the processing and molding of polymer materials such as multi-phase and multi-component, extreme rheological behavior, shear heat sensitivity, etc., which can provide new technology and equipment for the manufacturing of high-performance and special polymer materials and products that could not be processed efficiently or even difficult to process before.

We must abandon the “take” thinking and overcome the bottleneck problem of weak foundation in our country. For example, in the situation that key components, core processes, basic materials and so on are subject to people, the volume tensile rheological processing technology is integrated with product intelligent manufacturing principles, product manufacturing process measurement and control technology and key functional component design innovation, breaking the traditional polymer product manufacturing “theoretical framework dependence”, “technology path dependence”, “equipment process dependence”. It has developed complete sets of technology and equipment for intelligent manufacturing of high-end films, high-modulus melt-spun fibers, large straight pipes, high-performance composite parts and other products, realized low-consumption, high-efficiency, high-quality green manufacturing of polymer products, and promoted the technological progress of China’s new energy, national defense, military industry, transportation, petrochemical, Marine, agriculture and other fields.

Second, stimulate the impetus of technological innovation in enterprises and effectively promote the industrialization of achievements.

Enterprises are the cells of the national economy and the backbone of the new industrialization. However, China’s industrial enterprises in the 40 years of catch-up development process, emphasis on speed and scale, “from 0 to 1” original innovation is insufficient. In addition to individual scientific and technological fields, a few industries are at the forefront of the world, and most industrial technologies are still at the mid-range level. Those who row the row first, those who innovate best. At the new historical starting point, only by continuously enhancing the endogenous power of scientific and technological innovation, striving to make new breakthroughs in basic theories and key technologies, effectively promoting the industrial application of scientific and technological achievements, and realizing the transformation from scale and speed to quality and efficiency can China’s industrial enterprises form a new advantage in international competition and become the leader in the development of new industrialization in China. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

The transition from “1 to n” to “0 to 1”. 0 is nothing, 1 is there, this is the “two-level system”, innovation is the creation from “0 to 1”, from “nothing to there”. As a late-developing industrialized country, China’s scientific and technological practice of the majority of enterprises focuses on the copy and follow of “1 to n”, and lacks the exploration and attempt of original innovation from “0 to 1”, which not only restricts the development of enterprises themselves, but also hinders the optimization and upgrading of China’s industrial structure. In the new stage of development, China’s industrial enterprises should attach great importance to the advanced layout of cutting-edge technologies and subversive technologies, enhance the ability of independent innovation, strengthen the cooperation of scientific research institutions, promote the deep integration of basic research, applied basic research, experimental development and industrial innovation, and promote each other, and constantly break through the key core technologies of the industry in order to break the development “ceiling”. Gain a sustainable competitive advantage. CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）

The shift from “picking fruit” to “breeding seeds”. Due to traditional culture and social environment and other factors, more enterprises tend to “copy” technology and “mature” results brought by the rapid return and stable income, unwilling to bear a variety of risks from “1 to n” to “0 to 1” transformation process. In cooperation with universities and scientific research institutes with more rich accumulative results from “0 to 1”, some enterprises pursue “picking fruit”, requiring the other party to transform the research results should be directly usable and the effect is immediate. In fact, more technical achievements, especially the unprecedented “0 to 1” results from the “laboratory” to the “application field”, need to go through countless rounds of trial and error and iteration, but also need the enterprise’s active organization and deep participation in the process of “breeding seeds” to “picking fruit”, can not rush to success. Therefore, China’s industrial enterprises, especially the strong head enterprises, should have the courage to act as the explorer, organizer and leader of industrial innovation and development, achieve the organic integration of the innovation chain and the industrial chain, complete the triple jump in scientific research, engineering development, and application of achievements, accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements to real productive forces, and make greater progress in scientific and technological self-reliance.

由CXO UNION-CXO联盟（cxounion.cn）转载而成，来源于国家智能制造专家委员会；编辑/翻译：CXO UNIONCXO联盟小U。

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